Development Psychology Review

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key concepts from developmental psychology.

Neurons (nerve cells)

The basic building blocks of the nervous system that communicate and process information.

Axon

A long fiber that carries electrical signals away from the cell body to other neurons.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released from axon terminals that transmit messages between neurons.

Myelin sheath

A protective layer that covers axons and aids in the speed of signal transmission.

Cerebral Cortex

The area of the brain responsible for thinking, perception, and memory processing.

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

A discussion on the relative impact of genetics (nature) versus environment (nurture) on human development.

Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors can influence whether genes are expressed.

Schemas

Mental structures that organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes, developed by Jean Piaget.

Assimilation

The process of incorporating new information into existing schemas.

Accommodation

The process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information.

Conservation

The understanding that certain properties of objects remain the same despite changes in their form or appearance.

Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities are static and unchangeable, often leading to a fear of failure.

Learning Styles

The theory that individuals have preferred methods of learning, such as visual or verbal.

Self-efficacy

A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Centration

A cognitive limitation in young children where they focus on one aspect of a situation while neglecting others.