Kinetics

2 factors for a successful collision to occur

• Correct orientation

• Enough activation energy

which 5 factors affect the rate of a reaction:

1. increasing temperature

2. increasing concentration of a solution

3. increasing pressure of a gas reaction

4. increasing surface area of a catalyst (solid) or reactants

5. using a catalyst

how does temperature affect a reaction

Increases speed of molecules so increases frequency of collisions

how does concentration of a solution affect a reaction

If there are more particles present in a given volume, then more frequent successful collisions occur

how does surface area of solid catalysts affect a reaction

The greater the total surface area of a solid, the more it’s particles are available to collide

how does pressure of a gas reaction affect reaction

There are particles present in a given volume, so more frequent successful collisions occur

how does a catalyst affect reaction

• provides lower alternative activation energy pathway

• so reduces activation energy required and speeds up reaction

activation energy definition

the minimum energy required to start a reaction

transition state definition

 when half the bonds are broken and half are formed

in a maxwell boltzman curve what does the peak represent

the most probable energy of particles

higher temperature maxwell boltzmann curve

peak of the curve is lower and moves to the right

• The number of particles with very high energy increases

• Total area under the curve is the same for each temperature - represents number of particles

lower temperature of mawell boltzmann curve

 peak of curve is higher and shifts to the left