Progressive era review ALL TERMS

Prohibition (temperance movement)

The banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages.

Taylorism

Scientific management encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line.

muckrakers

One of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s.

Robert La Follette

Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary

Ida Tarbell

Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company’s abuse of power

Thomas Nast

A PA political cartoonist who called for political reform invented the elephant for republicans and the donkey for democrats. Also made cartoons that exposed corrupt political bosses–even though immigrants who worked for these bosses could not read

Jacob Riis

An early 1900s muckraker photographer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel “How the Other Half Lives,” exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle

Lewis Hine

A muckraker who took pictures of child laborers to expose how bad child labor was.

Nellie Bly

Nellie Bly, the pen name of Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman, was an American journalist known for her groundbreaking 72-day trip around the world, inspired by Jules Verne

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who accommodated segregation and demanded that African Americans better themselves individually to achieve equality.

W.E.B. Du Bois

First black to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, and helped create the NAACP in 1910.

Talented Tenth

W.E.B. Du Bois’ concept of an elite group of college-educated African Americans who would use their talents and position to eradicate segregation in American society.

Tuskegee Institute

Founded in 1881, and led by Booker T. Washington to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in the trades and agriculture.

Niagara Movement

Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1905 to promote the education of African Americans in the liberal arts.

Ghost Dance

A ritual the Native Americans performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their ancestral lands.

Eugene Debs

Socialist leader who won nearly a million votes as a presidential candidate while in federal prison for anti-war activities.

International Workers of the World (IWW)

1905 - Also known as Wobblies, a radical labor union created in opposition to the American Federation of Labor. Followed socialist ideas based on Karl Marx.

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt’s program of progressive reforms was designed to protect the common people against big business.

Gifford Pinchot

Head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them.

Debt peonage

A system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid.

suffrage

The right to vote is usually referred to as the women’s right to vote.

NAWSA

The National American Woman Suffrage Association was an organization founded in 1890 to gain voting rights for women.

Susan B. Anthony

A leading proponent of women’s suffrage who organized the Seneca Falls Convention and helped establish the National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A prominent advocate of women’s rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention and the National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

The Jungle

A novel by Upton Sinclair that was fiction, but was based on horrifying scenes that he saw in the New York meatpacking industry

Meat Inspection Act

A law, enacted in 1906, that established strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a federal meat-inspection program.

Pure Food and Drug Act

This law halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.

conservation

The idea of protecting some wilderness areas while others would be developed for the common good.

Brownsville Affair

An incident of racial discrimination that occurred in 1906 in the Southwestern United States due to resentment by white residents of Brownsville, Texas, of the Buffalo Soldiers, black soldiers in a segregated unit stationed at nearby Fort Brown.

Bull Moose Party

Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912.

Sherman Antitrust Act

The first federal action against monopolies was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations. Strengthened earlier antitrust legislation.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

A “watchdog” agency that was given the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes. It could also require periodic reports from corporations and put an end to a number of unfair business practices.

Federal Reserve

The central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.