HSC5576 - Quiz 2

Core food groups in a DGA-aligned dietary pattern

Vegetables (dark-green, red & orange, legumes), fruits, grains (≥50% whole), fat-free or low-fat dairy, diverse protein foods, and healthy oils.

DGA limit for added sugars

Less than 10% of total daily calories from added sugars (DGA 2020-2025).

DGA limit for saturated fat

Less than 10% of total daily calories from saturated fat (DGA 2020-2025).

Recommended sodium limit for most adults

2,300 mg sodium per day (DGA 2020-2025).

MyPlate fruit-and-veg message

Fill one-half of your plate with fruits and vegetables at each meal.

Definition of nutrient density

Amount of beneficial nutrients a food provides relative to its calorie content.

Key micronutrients emphasized during pregnancy

Folate, iron, and iodine.

Micronutrient older adults may need to supplement

Vitamin B-12 (reduced absorption with age).

Budget-friendly whole-grain swap

Replace white rice with bulk brown rice or oatmeal.

Moderate alcohol intake per DGA

Up to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women.

Model level for innate taste preferences (sweet, bitter)

Biological / intrapersonal level of the socio-ecological model.

Example of an interpersonal dietary determinant

Family feeding practices or peer norms.

Economic determinant affecting healthy food choice

Food price and household income.

Policy determinant influencing school meals

National School Lunch Program standards or menu-labeling laws.

Definition of self-efficacy (dietary context)

Confidence in one’s ability to perform a specific diet-related behavior.

Construct describing perceived social pressure

Social norms.

Mediator involving perceived pros/cons of a behavior

Perceived barriers and benefits.

Built-environment factor affecting diet

Neighborhood access to supermarkets versus convenience stores.

Advertising as an informational determinant

Marketing of energy-dense foods shapes preferences and purchases.

Stage of change: intending action within 6 months

Contemplation stage.

6×6 rule for slide design

No more than 6 lines per slide, 6 words per line.

Highest-retention learning methods (cone of experience)

Active methods where learners say and do.

Reason to avoid jargon in materials

Keeps readability around 6th–8th-grade level, improving comprehension.

Benefit of pictorial recipe guides

Improves comprehension among low-literacy audiences.

Technology-based nudge example

Text-message reminders or social-media challenges reinforcing goals.

Principle of focusing on 1–3 core messages

Prevents information overload and boosts recall.

Value of culturally relevant images

Increases relatability and acceptance among the audience.

Definition of formative evaluation

Assessment during development to refine program content and delivery.

Recommended body-text font size for handouts

At least 12–14-point font (larger for headings).

Definition of behavioral capability

Having the knowledge and skills to perform a behavior.

Five-step workflow for nutrition education materials

Needs assessment → logic model → SMART objectives → pilot testing → evaluation.

SMART acronym meaning

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

Position of “activities” in a logic model

Between inputs and outputs - describes what the program will do.

Difference between process and outcome evaluation

Process = implementation fidelity - Outcome = effect on behaviors or health.

Example of a short-term program outcome

Increased label-reading knowledge immediately after a session.

Focus group classification in needs assessment

Direct qualitative data-collection method.

Purpose of pilot testing

Identify issues and ensure materials are effective and culturally appropriate.

SCT construct targeted in Healthy Fathers, Healthy Kids

Cooking self-efficacy.

Metric illustrating long-term program impact

Reduction in disease incidence or sustained dietary change over years.

Definition of reliability in evaluation tools

Consistency of measurement across time and observers.

Definition of health behavior theory

A systematic explanation of events or situations that specifies relationships among variables to predict and guide behavior change.

Example of theory constructs

Self-efficacy, perceived barriers, social support, intentions.

Why theory-based programs replaced knowledge-only programs after 1995

Adding psychosocial mediators significantly improved behavior outcomes compared to knowledge-only approaches.

Levels of the socio-ecological model

Individual, interpersonal, institutional/organizational, community, policy/systems.

Definition of cognitive interviewing

Pre-testing method where target-audience members “think aloud” while reviewing materials to uncover confusing wording or concepts.

Personal vs. organizational health literacy

Personal = ability to find, understand, and use information - Organizational = how well institutions make info and services easy to access and use.

Groups most vulnerable to low health literacy

Older adults, people with limited education, low-income populations, and non-native English speakers.

Common signs of low health literacy

Frequently missed appointments, incomplete forms, “I forgot my glasses,” poor follow-through on instructions.

DANEH checklist purpose

Tool to evaluate written nutrition materials for Design, Accuracy, Needs, Engagement, and Health literacy.

Readability assessment tools

SMOG index, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Fry graph.

Left-justified text and avoid ALL CAPS because…

Flush-left text with mixed-case letters improves reading speed and comprehension.

Role of white space and headings

Short paragraphs, bullet points, and blank space reduce cognitive load and guide the eye.

Basic communication model components

Source → Message → Channel → Receiver (with feedback and noise).

Key audience traits to assess before teaching

Life situation, social roles, and health literacy level.

Examples of passive learning

Reading a handout or listening to a lecture.

Examples of active learning

Cooking demonstrations, label-reading practice, role-play.

Educational benefits of videos

Demonstrate complex tasks visually, boost engagement, and can be replayed for reinforcement.

Other tech options for nutrition education

Mobile apps, podcasts, interactive websites, and SMS reminders.

Why evaluator should be independent of program staff

Avoids bias and improves credibility of evaluation findings.

Difference between short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes

Short = knowledge/attitudes - Medium = behavior change - Long = health status or disease incidence.