core greek vocab

ugh

ὁ ἡ τό

the definite article

αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό

him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); (pron.) him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases) adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

καί

and, also, even; καί...καί both...and conjunction: coordinating

δέ

and; but conjunction: coordinating

τίς τί

who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.) pronoun

εἰμί, ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, infin. εἶναι

be, exist verb: irregular

οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο

this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this pronoun

ἤ

or; than (after a comparative); ἤ...ἤ either...or conjunction: coordinating

ἐν

in, among (+dat.) preposition

μέν...δέ

on the one hand...on the other hand (often untranslated); μέν (by itself) indeed conjunction: coordinating

τις τι

someone, something, anyone, anything, some, any (enclitic indef. pron./adj.) pronoun

ὅς ἥ ὅ

who, which, that pronoun

γάρ

for (explanatory), indeed, in fact (confirming) conjunction: coordinating

οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ

not (with indicative verbs) adverb

λέγω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην

say, speak (of), recount; pick up, collect, count verb: -ω palatal stem

ὡς

as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that conjunction: subordinating

τε

and; τε...τε both...and conjunction: coordinating

εἰς

into, to, towards (+acc.) preposition

ἐπί

at (+gen.); on (+dat.); on to, against (+acc.) preposition

κατά

down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ' ἔθνη by nations; καθ᾿ἕνα one by one. preposition

ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν

I, we pronoun

πρός

from the side of, in the presence of (+gen.); near, at, in addition to (+dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+acc.) preposition

γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην

become; be born; happen, be verb: deponent

ἐάν (εἰ-ἄν)

if (+subj.) conjunction: subordinating

διά

through, during, because of (+gen., acc.) preposition

ἀλλά

but conjunction: coordinating

πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν

every, all; whole (with article) noun: 3rd declension irregular

ἔχω, ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, impf. εἶχον

have, hold, keep verb: -ω palatal stem

ἐκ, ἐξ

from, out of (+gen.) preposition

πολύς πολλή πολύ

much, many; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ for the most part noun: 3rd declension irregular

περί

around, about; concerning (+gen.) preposition

μή

not (marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except conjunction: subordinating

ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι

anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what pronoun

ἄν

[marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)] adverb

σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν

you pronoun

ἀνά

up, on; throughout preposition

ὅτι

because, that; (with superl.) as...as possible conjunction: subordinating

εἰ

if (+indic. or opt.); εἴπερ if indeed conjunction: subordinating

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο

other, another adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

ἀπό

from (+gen.) preposition

φημί, φήσω, impf. ἔφην

say, assert, declare; οὐ φημί deny, refuse, say that...not verb: -μι

ὑπό

under (+gen., dat.); by (+gen. of personal agent); down under (+acc.) preposition

ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην

make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon verb: contracted

οὖν

therefore, accordingly; at any rate adverb

λόγος λόγου, ὁ

word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account noun: 2nd declension

παρά

from (+gen.); beside (+dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+acc.) preposition

οὕτως

in this way adverb

πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον

before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

θεός θεοῦ, ὁ/ἡ

god, goddess noun: 2nd declension

μετά

with (+gen.); after (+acc.) preposition

ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ

him- her- itself (reflexive pron.) pronoun

μέγας μεγάλη μέγα

big, great, powerful adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

οὐδέ

and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ...οὐδέ not even...nor yet conjunction: coordinating

ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο

that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος...οὗτος the former...the latter pronoun

τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο

such, of such a sort adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν

no one, nothing pronoun

εἶπον

I said, I spoke, 2 aor. → λέγω, φημί verb: irregular

ἀγαθός -ή -όν

good, virtuous, brave, noble adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

γε

(enclitic) indeed; at least, at any rate adverb

δή

surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness) adverb

πόλις πόλεως, ἡ

city, city-state noun: 3rd declension ι-stem

εἷς μία ἕν

one adjective: numeral

ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, -εἷκα, εἷμαι, -εἵθην

put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush verb: -μι

δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην

lack, miss, stand in need of (+gen.) verb: contracted

ἄνθρωπος -ου, ὁ/ἡ

human being noun: 2nd declension

ὁράω, ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, impf. ἑώρων

see, look (to) verb: contracted

μόνος μόνη μόνον

alone, single adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

οὔτε...οὔτε

neither...nor conjunction: coordinating

οἷος οἵα οἷον

such as, of what sort, like, (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+infin.) it is possible to adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην

take, grasp, seize; receive, get verb: -ω liquid stem

δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα

think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me verb: -ω palatal stem

ἕτερος ἑτέρα ἕτερον

the other (of two); other, another adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

κακός -ή -όν

bad, wicked, cowardly adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ

man, husband noun: 3rd declension irregular

ἐπεί

after, since, when conjunction: subordinating

ὅσος ὅση ὅσον

however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην

call, summon verb: contracted

σῶμα σώματος, τό

body noun: 3rd declension consonant stem

δεῖ, δεήσει, impf. ἔδει

it is necessary, one must, one ought (+acc. and infin.) verb: impersonal

ὥσπερ

just as, as if conjunction: subordinating

δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην

give, grant, offer verb: -μι

ἔτι

still, yet adverb

φύσις φύσεως, ἡ

nature; (of the mind) one's nature or disposition; regular order of nature noun: 3rd declension ι-stem

μικρός -ά -όν

small, little, short adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι

(+infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to) verb: impersonal

ὥστε

(introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that conjunction: subordinating

ἀρχή ἀρχῆς, ἡ

beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy noun: 1st declension

ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον

each (of several) pronoun

ἡμέρα ἡμέρας, ἡ

day noun: 1st declension

φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα

bring forth, produce, beget; 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, pf. πέφυκα be by nature verb: -ω vowel stem

ἅπας ἅπασα ἅπαν

all together noun: 3rd declension irregular

ὅμοιος ὁμοία ὅμοιον

like, resembling (+dat.) adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

νῦν, νυνί

now adverb

γῆ γῆς, ἡ

earth noun: 1st declension

δύναμις δυνάμεως, ἡ

power, strength, ability noun: 3rd declension ι-stem

καλός -ή -όν

beautiful, noble, honorable adjective: 1st and 2nd declension

κύριος κυρίου, ὁ

lord, master noun: 2nd declension

μᾶλλον

more, rather; μᾶλλον...ἤ rather than adverb

ὅδε ἥδε τόδε

this pronoun

ὅλος ὅλη ὅλον

whole, entire, complete adjective: 1st and 2nd declension