9 Health - 'Food and Nutrition'

pgs. 61-76

What is food?

Any solid or liquid that can provide the boy with nutrients needed for energy, growth and repair, and proper functioning.

What are nutrients?

Chemicals found in food that provide health benefits and are essential for bodily functions.

What is a diet?

This refers to the kinds and amount of food that you regularly consume.

What is a balanced diet?

This refers to eating the right kinds of food in the right amount.

What are the seven essential food nutrients?

1. Carbohydrates

2. Fats

3. Protein

4. Vitamins

5. Minerals

6. Water

7. Fiber

What elements are carbohydrates made up of?

• Carbon (C)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

What do fats do?

They prevent heat loss and help to keep the body warm. Also used for energy when stores of carbohydrates are low.

What elements are fats made up of?

• Carbon (C)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

What are fats made up of?

• Three fatty acids

• One glycerol molecule

Where do saturated fats come from?

These come from animal products and are usually solid at room temperature. A diet high in this can lead to obesity, heart disease, and hypertension.

Where do unsaturated fats come from?

These come from plant products and are usually liquid at room temperature. Examples of this are olive oil, corn oil, and omega-3 fish oil. These oils can help reduce heart disease and lower bad cholesterol levels.

What is cholesterol?

A waxy, fat-like substance that is made by the liver and circulates in the blood. High levels of this increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.

How does the body use cholesterol?

They use it to make hormones and help with digestion.

What elements are proten made up of?

• Carbon (C)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

• Nitrogen (N)

What are amino acids?

The building blocks of proteins, there are twenty of them.

What are vitamins needed for?

These are needed for overall health, normal cell function, growth and development of the human body.

Vitamin A

• Useful for healthy eyes and skin

• sources: carrots, butter, milk, liver

Vitamin B

• Useful for respiration and healthy nerves

• sources: eggs, yeast, beans, liver

Vitamin C

• Useful for healthy gums and teeth; aids in the healing of wounds

• sources: citrus - limes, oranges, lemons

Vitamin D

• Useful for strong bones and teeth

• sources: eggs, milk, liver, made in skin by sunlight

Vitamin K

• Useful for clotting of blood

• sources: kale, cabbage, made by bacteria in the intestines

What are minerals needed for?

These are needed for different bodily processes and are quickly used up or excreted by the body. They are needed in small amounts.

What are the essential minerals?

• Iron

• Calcium & Phosphorus

• Iodine

• Fluoride

• Sodium & Potassium

Iron

• Useful for healthy red blood cells

• sources: spinach, liver, meat

Calcium & Phosphorus

• Useful for strong bones and teeth

• sources: milk, cheese, canned tuna

Iodine

• Useful for healthy thyroid gland

• sources: water, salt

Fluoride

• Useful for strong teeth

• sources: water, toothpaste

Sodium & Potassium

• Useful for healthy nerves

• sources: water, vegetables, liver

How much water makes up the body?

65-70%.

What functions does water have in the body?

• Helps to transport substances around the body

• Needed for all the body’s chemical reactions

• Cools body and maintains body temperature

• Helps to remove waste from the body

What is fiber needed for?

• Prevent constipation

• Absorb toxic waste from the digested system

• Lower cholesterol

• Reduce the risk of heart disease and bowels cancer

• sources: whole grains, fruits, vegetables

Night Blindness

• Vitamin A

• Inability to see well at night or low light; damage of nerve cells in the eye

Beriberi

• Vitamin B

• Nerve damage and loss of muscle strength

Scurvy

• Vitamin C

• Bleeding of gums; loose teeth

Rickets

• Vitamin D

• Poor bone development and deformmation of bone structure

Anemia

• Iron

• Weakness, paleness of skin, feeling cold

Osteoporosis

• Calcium

• Soft bones, stunted growth

Goiter

• Iodine

• Swelling of thy

What are the 5 food groups?

• Bread and Cereal

• Fruit and Vegetable

• Dairy

• Meat and eggs

• Fat and sugar