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Napoleon's rise to power
Transition from military leader to Emperor (1799-1804).
Napoleonic Wars
Conflicts that reshaped European political landscape.
Continental System
Economic blockade against Britain by Napoleon.
Industrialization in France
Napoleon's policies spurred industrial growth.
Effects of war on economies
Wars disrupted trade and industrial production.
Napoleonic Code
Legal framework promoting equality and property rights.
Nationalism in Napoleonic Europe
Patriotism fueled resistance and support for Napoleon.
Resistance to Napoleon
Opposition from Spain, Russia, and others.
Waterloo
Defeat marking the end of Napoleon's rule.
The Third Estate
Document highlighting common people's role pre-Napoleon.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Foundational document influencing Napoleonic governance.
Debating the French Revolution
Perspectives on Napoleon's impact on revolutionary ideals.
Napoleon's Proclamations
Insight into his governance and military strategies.
Industrial Revolution
Period of major industrial growth (1750-1900).
Factory system
Organized manufacturing with distinct working conditions.
Urbanization
Population shift from rural to urban areas.
Nationalism and industrialization
National identity linked to industrial progress.
State-led industrialization
Government initiatives in Germany and France.
Technological advancements
Innovations like steam engines and railroads.
Social class shifts
Emergence of bourgeoisie and working class.
Government responses to industrialization
Laws and reforms addressing labor issues.
Romanticism
Cultural movement reacting against Enlightenment rationalism.
Revolutions of 1848
Series of uprisings across Europe for democracy.
June Days in France
Workers' uprising in response to political changes.
Impact of 1848 revolutions
Significant changes in European monarchies and politics.
Failure of 1848 revolutions
Reasons for the lack of lasting change.
Romantic Painting
Art reflecting emotions and nationalism.
Two Views of the June Days
Firsthand accounts of the 1848 uprisings.
Lajos Kossuth
Key leader in Hungary's nationalist movement.
Edmund Burke
Critique of the French Revolution's radicalism.
Representing the People
Focus on political representation during revolutions.
Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
Justification of violence in revolutionary politics.
Giuseppe Mazzini
Nationalist writings advocating for national identity.
1848 Manifestos
Documents demanding democracy and social reforms.