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treatment
►Cognitive treatments for depression are based on the assumption that faulty thinking/thought processes make a person vulnerable to depression
►Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) involves both cognitive & behavioural elements.
►The cognitive element aims to identify irrational & negative thoughts, which lead to depression.
►The aim is to replace these negative thoughts with more positive and rational ones.
►The behavioural element of CBT encourages patients to test their beliefs through behavioural experiments and homework.
►There are various components to CBT, including:
1)Initial assessment
2)Goal setting
3)Identifying negative/irrational thoughts and challenging these: Either using Beck’s Cognitive Therapy Or b.Ellis’s REBT
4)Homework:There are 2 different strands of CBT, based on Beck’s theory and Ellis’s ABC model. All CBT starts with an initial assessment, in which the patient and therapist identify the patient’s problems,agree on a set of goals, and plan of action to achieve these goals.
Both forms of CBT (Beck’s and Ellis’s) then aim to identify the negative and irrational thoughts; however, their approaches differ slightly
►BECK’S COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY If a therapist is using Beck’s cognitive therapy, they will help the patient to identify negative thoughts in relation to themselves, their world and their future, using Beck’s negative triad
The patient and therapist will then work together to challenge these irrational thoughts, by discussing evidence for and against them. The patient will be encouraged to test the validity of their negative thoughts and may be set homework, to challenge and test their negative thoughts
►ELLIS’S RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (REBT)
►Ellis developed his ABC model to include D (dispute) and E (effective). Like Beck, the main idea is to challenge irrational thoughts; however, with Ellis’s theory this is achieved through ‘dispute’ (argument). The therapist will dispute the patient’s irrational beliefs, to replace their irrational beliefs with more effective beliefs and attitudes. There are different types of dispute which can be used, including: logical dispute where the therapist questions the logic of a person’s thoughts:
►‘Does the way you think about that situation make any sense?’
►Or empirical dispute where the therapist seeks evidence for a person’s thoughts: ‘Where is the evidence that your beliefs are true?’
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