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Java : Overpopulation
The Dutch implemented a cultivation policy that land was use to export crops such as indigo and sugarcane instead of rice , this lead to a rice shortage .
The amount of rice was not able to feed the growing Javanese population . Thus there were many famines in the 1840s and 1850s
China : Overpopulation
From 1650-1800 China’s population doubled in size . There was limited farmland to grow crops leading to a shortage of food and famine .
The famine significantly affected those living in Southern China in , Guangdong and Fujian . Where people would live in mountanious regions where there was limited land use to grow crops .
Due to these harsh conditions , people migrated out of China in order to search for a new life
India : Natural disasters.
India highly depends on monsoon season to water the crops . With insufficient monsoon rain , the harvest that season would fail.
Droughts and ineffective agriculture policies led to famines leading to 50million deaths from the late 18th to 19th century .
The worst was during the great famine from 1876-1878 , where large numbers of artisans and agriculture labourers migrated to different British colonies to work as indented labourers .
Java : wars
There would be constant wars between local rulers . + Javanese people declared war against the Dutch colonial rulers . The Javanese war affected 2 million Javanese and 200 thousand were killed . The war also left a quater of cultivated land in central java seriously damaged
China : wars and rebellion
Wars between rival clans were rampant in many parts of China during the 19th and 20th century . The clans were made of people who shared the same descent , surname or dialect .
After the collapse of Qing Dynasty , China entered a period of warlordism in 1920s when different army generals took charge of different parts of China . After was civil war between Guomindang and the Communist red army .
Throughout 1920s , there were constant wars between different political parties and among independant warloid armies . Each group tried to expand their armies through forced conscription of the people living in the areas the controlled .
Violence + unrest = people set off
India : wars and rebellions
There were outbreaks of wars and rebellions in the 19th century for India . The British fought wars to extend their control over India but Indian rulers resented the British rule and would stage rebellions against the British . This causing hardship and and suffering of people who were affected by the wars .
Indian Rebellion in 1857 : A group of sepoys decided to stage a rebellion against their British officers and rebellion soon spread to other parts of India .
These rebels were captured by the British and sent overseas to work as convict labourers so they could no longer stir up trouble in India .
