1 structure of eukaryotic cells

what structure is number 1?

cell membrane

what structure is number 2?

vacuole

what structure is number 4?

golgi apparatus

what structure is number 5?

ribosomes

what structure is number 6?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

what structure is number 7?

mitochondria

what structure is number 8?

lysosome

what structure is number 11?

nucleus

what structure is number 12?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

what’s the structure of the nucleus?

• site of DNA replication and transcription (making rRNA)

• contains the genetic code for each cell

what are the structures in the nucleus and what are their functions?

• nuclear envelope - double membrane

• nuclear pores

• nucleoplasm - granular, jelly-like material

• chromosomes - protein-bound, linear DNA

• nucleolus - smaller sphere inside which is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes

what’s the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

protein synthesis

what’s the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesis and store lipids and carbohydrates

what’s the structure of the endoplasmic reticulums?

• rough and smooth ER both have folded membranes called cristernae

• rough have ribosomes on the cristernae

what’s the structure for the golgi apparatus?

• folded membranes making cristernae

• secretary vesticles punch off from the cristernae

what’s the function of the golgi apparatus and vesticles?

• add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins

• produce secretory enzymes

• secrete carbohydrates

• transport, modify, and store lipids

• form lysosomes

• molecules are “labelled” with their destination

• finished products are transported to cell surface in golgi vesticles where they fuse with the membrane and the contents in released

what’s the structure of lysosomes?

bags of digestive enzymes

what’s the function of lysosomes?

• hydrolyse phagocytic cells

• completely break down dead cells (autolysis)

• exocytosis - release enzymes to outside of cell to destroy material

• digest worn out organelles for reuse of materials

what’s the structure of mitochondria?

• double membrane

• inner membrane called the cristernae

• fluid centre called the mitochondrial matrix

• loop of mitochondria DNA

what’s the function of mitochondria?

• site of aerobic respiration

• site of ATP production

• DNA to code for enzymes needed in respiration

what’s the structure of ribosomes?

• small, made up of two sub units of protein and rRNA

• 80s - large ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells (25nm)

• 70s - smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts

what’s the function of ribosomes?

site of protein synthesis

what’s the structure of a vacuole?

filled with fluid surrounded by a single membrane called a tonoplast

what’s the function of a vacuole?

• makes cells turgid and therefore provide support

• temporary store of sugars and amino acids

• the pigments may colour petals to attract pollinators

what’s the structure of chloroplasts?

• surrounded by a double membrane

• contains thylakoids (folded membranes embedded with pigment)

• fluid filled stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis

• found in plants

what’s the function of chloroplasts?

site of photosynthesis

what’s the structure of a cell wall?

• in plants and fungi

• plants - made of microfibrils of the cellulose polymer

• fungi - made of chitin, a nitrogen containing polysaccharide

what’s the function of a cell wall?

to provide strength to the cell

what’s the structure of the plasma membrane (cell membrane)?

• found in all cells

• phospholipid bilayer - molecules embed within and attached on the outside (proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol)

what’s the function of a plasma membrane (cell membrane)?

controls the entrance and exit of molecules