Heath Sciences Ch. 9, 11, and 12

Physician

broad term used to describe both medical doctors and doctors of osteopathic medicine in a variety of fields

Is the demand of physicians increasing or decreasing? Why?

Increasing due to the aging population

PCP- Primary Care Physician

first point of contact for patients. They will be referred to a specialist after seeing their PCP

Mid-level providers

Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants

APRN

Advanced Practice Nurse

Medical Doctor

western medicine, allopathic treatment of disease (traditional methods like medicine)

doctor of osteopathic medicine

treat the whole person, started as chiropractors

OMM

osteopathic manipulative medicine, holistic approach that includes stretching, massage etc.

holistic practitioner

treat the whole person, take environmental and mental factors into consideration, can’t prescribe medication

naturopath

believe the body can heal itself, they use manipulative medicine, herbal medicine, nutrition, and exercise

doctor of acupuncture

DAC, use Chinese (or eastern) medicine like acupuncture

anesthesiology specialty

treat surgical patients or pain relief (putting patients to sleep or injections for pain)

family/ general medicine

PCP, first point of contact

general internal medicine

care for adults with complex diseases, may have offie hours or work primarily in hospitals

obstetrics and gynecology

OB- labor and delivery, GYN- women’s health (breast exams and Pap smears)

psychiatry

MD who treats mental illness (prescribes medication)

surgery

broad term for anyone who performs surgery (variety of specialties)

hospitalist

physician who works only in the hospital

hospice and palliative care

HPM- deals with quality of life and end of life care

medical fellowship

about 18 months, focus completely on your specialty (surgeons, very specific specialty, etc.)

Jurisprudence Exam

test of state law

do physicians and surgeons have to be board certified?

no, but it will increase job opportunity and attract more patients

how does one become a podiatrist? (DPM)

bachelors degree, 4 years of podiatry school, then 3 years of residency

Where do most podiatrists work?

a clinical setting, often their own small business practice

3 Ways to become an RN

1. diploma degree- nursing program through a large hospital (3 years)

2. associate degree- 2 year community college, cheap and quick

3. bachelor’s degree- BSN, 4 year college/ university

forensic nurses

work with a medical forensic team, examine tissue

infection control nurse

infection control within a hospital, requires additional certification (ex. surgeon with high staph rate)

nurse educator

birthing classes for mommy and me, teach nutrition classes for diabetics, etc.

healthcare consultant

consult hospitals on how they can be more efficient, cost efficient, etc.

public policy advisor

similar to consultant, but they work more in public health (health departments, etc.)

What is NCLEX?

national council license exam for RNs

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses must have a…

master’s degree (but they are trying to swith that to a doctorate degree)

4 Examples of APRNs

1. clinical nurse specialist

2. nurse anesthesia (CRNA)

3. nurse midwife (CNMS)

4. nurse practitioner

clinical nurse specialist

can diagnose, treat, and prescribe medications; can act as an educator, researcher, or leader

nurse anesthetists

give anesthesia and put patients to sleep

nurse midwives

provide prenatal care, labor and delivery, gynecology, etc. (often more holistic approach for L&D)

Name the 4 nursing levels in order

CNA, LPN, RN, APRN

Advanced Nursing Degreee

Master or Doctorate degree in leadership, nurse education, informative (managing electronic health records)

Dentist

first point of contact for dental and oral care, may refer you to a specialist

orthodontist

align and straighten teeth

oral and maxillary surgeon

treat teeth, jaw, and gums (wisdom teeth)

periodontist

dental implants

endodontist

root canals, etc.

oral pathologist

study of disease of the gum and mouth

oral and maxillary radiologist

looks at imagine of the head, neck, and jaw

dental public health specialist

education and prevention of dental diseases

Education for a Dentist

bachelor’s degree, dental admissions test, 4 year dental school, must pass an exam to obtain DDS or DMD

Where do most dentist practice?

as solo practitioners at their own small business

Dental Hygienist

RDN, clean teeth, educate patients on oral health, and take x-rays

Education of Dental hygienist

must receive degree from accredited dental hygiene program (usually 2 or 4 year degree)

Dental Assistant Education

Certificate program (most states) or on the job training (some states like WV)

Role of dental lab technician

work in dental lab, making crowns, dentures, or oral prosthetics (on the job training)