Neuroanatomy and Physiology

Flashcards covering key concepts related to neuroanatomy, the pituitary gland, meningitis, and cranial nerves.

What are the two main divisions of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The two main divisions are sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) pathways.

What are the three types of neurons in the nervous system?

Sensory neurons, integrative neurons, and motor neurons.

Name three hormones produced by the pituitary gland.

Cortisol, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin (Lactation).

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater.

Describe the Dura mater.

The outermost layer of the meninges, tough and protective, covering the brain and spinal cord.

What is the function of the Arachnoid mater?

It connects the outer and inner layers and has a spider web-like structure.

What is the role of the Pia mater?

The innermost layer of the meninges that adheres directly to the brain and spinal cord.

What is the subarachnoid space?

The space between the Arachnoid mater and Pia mater where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates.

What does meningitis refer to?

Inflammation of the meninges; it can be life-threatening.

What causes meningitis?

It can be caused by bacteria (more fatal) or virus (less severe) typically transmitted through the nose and throat.

What are the common signs of meningitis?

High fever, stiff neck, intense headache, and coma.

How is meningitis diagnosed?

By examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained via a spinal tap.

What is a spinal tap, and where is it performed?

A procedure in which a needle is inserted between L3 and L4, L4 and L5, or L5 and S1 into the subarachnoid space to collect CSF.

List the first four cranial nerves.

I - Olfactory, II - Optic, III - Oculomotor, IV - Trochlear.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial movements?

VII - Facial nerve.

What function does the Vagus nerve (X) serve?

It is involved in autonomic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.