nutrition and hydration - ch 13

nutrition

is how the body uses food to maintain health.

nutrient

is a necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and regulate metabolism.

metabolism

is the process by which nutrients are broken down and transformed to be used by the body for energy.

water

is the most essential nutrient

it helps in digestion and absorption. also in elimination of waste.

maintain normal temp.

carbohydrates

supply the body with energy and extra protein and provides fiber

• complex - bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, veg and fruits.

  • simple - sugars, sweets, syrups, and jellies

protein

essential for tissue growth and repair.

excreted by the kidney or stored in the body fat.

seafood, meat, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, peas,

fats

body store energy.

fat is in four categories: saturated fats, trans, monounsaturated, and polysaturated.

monosaturated and polysaturated

can decreased the risk of cardiovascular disease.

saturated and trans

can increased cholesterol

vitamins

needed for the body to function.

A,D,E, and K

what are water soluble vitamins

B and C

minerals

maintain body functions.

zinc, iron, calcium, and magnesium.

seafood should be eaten?

twice a week.

guidelines healthy food choices

• balance calories

• enjoy your food, but eat less

• avoid oversized portion

• eat these veg, fruits, grains, dairy more often.

• check sodium.

• drink more water.

how ageing affect nutritional intake for elderly.

• metabolism slows

• loss of vision

• weakness of smell and taste.

• less saliva production

• dentures problems

  • certain med affection eating

if pt is struggling to swallow food what is their replacement?

thicken liquids

parenteral nutriton (PN)

a solution of nutrient is administered directly in to the bloodstream

people with tube feeding should have their head elevated.

30 degrees

low sodium diet

salt is restricted.

given to pt who have high blood pressure, CAD, or kidney disease.

fluid restricted diet

when fluid intake is higher then output. pt is put on this

high potassium

when pt is taking diuretics because they are excreting so much fluids that their body depleted of potassium.

low protein

(also known as renal diet) for pt with kidney disease.

low fat

for pt with heart diseases.

modified calories

for reduce calories to lose weight.

bland diet

for pt with IBS, gastric, and duodenal ulcers.

diabetic

is for pt with diabetes.

puree

a food means to blend or grind it into a thick paste of baby food.

the number of thick food

0 is thin and 4 is extremely thick

level of modified food texture

3 liquidized to 7 regular food

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing.

I&O should be measure by what measurement?

milliters.

64 oz is

8 cups