Life Orientation Grade 12: Development of Self in Society & Democracy (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Life Orientation notes on stress, self-development, study skills, unemployment, entrepreneurship, democracy, media, and labour laws.

Self in Society

Identity and growth formed through social interaction and learning in everyday life.

Life Skills

Desirable abilities developed through social interaction enabling effective participation in daily contexts.

Stress

Feeling overwhelmed or unable to cope due to pressures that are difficult to manage.

Stressor

Any event or condition that triggers stress.

Eustress

Positive stress that enhances performance when you are prepared.

Distress

Negative stress when performance is impaired by pressure.

Chronic Stress

Stress that persists for a long time and can make you ill if not managed.

Physical Stressor

Stress arising from physical harm, injury, illness, fatigue, or environmental factors.

Psychological Stressor

Stress from negative thoughts, fears, or cognitive overload.

Emotional Stressor

Stress from negative emotions such as guilt, anger, or grief.

Environmental Stressor

Stress caused by extreme weather or pollution.

Social Stressor

Stress from relationships, social pressure, or lack of support.

St signs and Symptoms of Stress

Observable physical, emotional, behavioural, and cognitive changes under pressure.

Short-term Stress Symptoms

Examples include faster breathing, increased heart rate, dry mouth, sweaty palms.

Long-term Stress Effects

Examples include high blood pressure, headaches, sleep disturbances.

Stress Management

Techniques and strategies to reduce or cope with stress.

Meditation

A natural method of relieving stress and calming the mind.

Exercise

Regular physical activity (at least 3 times per week) to improve health and mood.

Relaxation Techniques

Breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.

Assertiveness

Expressing feelings firmly and respectfully without aggression.

Healthy Lifestyle

Choosing habits that promote physical, social, psychological, and emotional well-being.

Healthy Diet

Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables for health."

Hydration

Drinking six to eight glasses of water daily.

Sleep Hygiene

Getting about eight hours of sleep per night.

Condom Use

Always using a condom to protect against STIs when sexually active.

Conflict

Disagreements or struggles for power between people.

Interpersonal Conflict

Conflict involving two or more people.

Intra-personal Conflict

Internal conflict within oneself.

Conflict Avoidance

Avoiding direct confrontation by changing the subject or delaying discussion.

Competing

Striving to win; an aggressive style of conflict management.

Compromising

Conceding and bargaining to reach a middle ground.

Accommodation

Willing to fit in with someone’s wishes; low assertiveness.

Collaboration

Cooperating to find a solution that satisfies everyone involved.

Effective Communication

Clear, purposeful exchange that builds good relationships.

Extrovert

A person who is confident and outgoing in social situations.

Introvert

A person who prefers solitary or introspective activities.

Ambivert

A person with a balance of extrovert and introvert traits.

Attitudes

Ways of thinking that affect how you communicate and relate to others.

Values

Personal beliefs that guide behavior and decision making.

Responsibility

Being accountable and reliable; owning your duties.

Trust

Belief in the reliability and honesty of others; essential for relationships.

Change

An act or process through which something becomes different.

Transition

Moving from school to post-school life; a major life milestone.

Rites of Passage

Traditional ceremonies marking transitions between life stages.

Study Skills

Learned abilities for learning, such as planning, recall, and problem solving.

Flashcards

Small cards used to write key points for quick review.

Mind Maps

Visual diagrams that link information to aid memory.

Mnemonics

Memory aids like phrases or songs to help recall.

Summaries

Concise restatements of key information using main ideas and keywords.

Tables

Structured grids to organize information logically.

Talk and Listen

Discussing material aloud and listening to others to reinforce learning.

Move About

Physical movement while studying to aid concentration.

Visual Learning

Learning with pictures, maps, colors, and diagrams.

Musical Learning

Learning through sounds, rhythm, and rhymes.

Kinaesthetic Learning

Learning by doing, moving, and hands-on activities.

Verbal Learning

Learning through reading and writing and discussion.

Logical/Mathematical Learning

Learning by recognizing patterns and structuring information.

Interpersonal Learning

Learning with others through collaboration and group study.

Intrapersonal Learning

Learning alone; reflecting and self-study.

SQ3R

Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review — a five-step study method.

Unemployment

Being willing to work but unable to find a job due to market conditions.

Volunteering

Providing time and skills to others without pay; builds experience and confidence.

Part-time Job

Working a limited number of hours; gains experience and income.

Community Work

Volunteering to benefit a community; often funded by government or NGOs.

Informal Jobs

Short-term, flexible work such as car washing or street vending.

Fraud

Wrongful deception to gain money or property.

Embezzlement

The theft or misappropriation of funds entrusted to one's care.

Cronyism

Appointment of friends to positions of authority without regard to qualifications.

Nepotism

Favouring relatives or friends in job opportunities.

Bribery

Offering or receiving something of value to influence actions.

Entrepreneurship

Creating and running a new business while bearing financial risk.

Small Business

Privately owned company with fewer employees and lower revenue.

Social Entrepreneurship

Business aimed at solving social problems while earning profit.

E-Business / E-Commerce

Online business activities including buying, selling, and data exchange.

Innovative Entrepreneurship

Creating new ideas or processes to meet needs and gain a competitive edge.

Cultural Entrepreneurship

Business using cultural heritage or unique cultural products.

Viability

Financial and social ability of a venture to survive and grow.

SARS

South African Revenue Service; collects income tax.

Bill of Rights

A list of fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens.

Discrimination

Unjust or prejudicial treatment based on characteristics like race or gender.

Human Rights Violations

Harming or denying people’s rights.

Cyberbullying

Bullying conducted using digital technology.

Social Media Footprint

The trail of posts and activity left on social media.

Freedom of Expression

Right to speak and publish ideas, with limits to protect others’ rights.

Lifestyle Diseases

Chronic illnesses linked to how people live (e.g., hypertension, diabetes).

Labour Relations Act (LRA)

SA law governing relations between employers and employees.

Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA)

SA law setting minimum working conditions (hours, leave, etc.).