AP HUG Unit 3 Chapter 8

Language Family

is the largest grouping of related languages and includes those languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or origin.

Isolate

Some languages are not assigned a language family

Language Branch

collection of languages within a family share a common origin and were separated from other branches in the same family thousands of years ago.

Language Groups

are languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap.

Universalizing Religions

attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people and are open to membership by all, regardless of a person’s location, language, or ethnicity

Christianity

has spread to all continents. The religion is based on the teachings of Jesus, a man believed by the faithful to be God’s son. Jesus taught his followers that they should love and care for their fellow humans.

Islam

originated in the cities of Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. Muhammad, who is considered the last messenger of Allah (God), introduced — to the Arab people. It has deep ties to Judaism and Christianity.

Buddhism

is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha, or “the Enlightened One.” At the time ———- arose, the people of India were seeking spiritual alternatives to the practices of early Hinduism, orginated in north eastern india

Sikhism

located in the punjab region of India, founded by Guru Nanak, who lived from 1469 to 1539. Its hearth is the Punjab region of northwestern India. , followers identify ten gurus, or religious teachers, who guided the community in its first century and a half

Ethnic Religions

are closely tied with a particular ethnic group generally in a particular region

Hinduism

dates from about 1500 b.c.e. in South Asia where, today, it is practiced by some 80 percent of India’s population, approximately 1 billion people. Most ——- live in India and Nepal. —- is specifically tied to India and has left its mark on various natural and human features of that South Asian region, including the Ganges River, which is considered sacred to —-.

Judaism

According to the Hebrew Bible, prophet Abraham founded the monotheistic religion, which developed among the Hebrew people of Southwest Asia in present-day Israel and Lebanon about 4,000 years ago.

Secularized

or not religious, identifying as a particular ethnicity and culture and not religious practice. This is particularly the case in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Creolization

interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultural elements blending together.

Cultural Convergence

As cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adopting one another’s ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits

Cultural Divergence

increased interaction can cause cultures to become more similar, conflicting beliefs or other barriers can cause two cultures to become less similar

Acculturation

where people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Assimilation

interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Syncretism

combining different cultural features into something new

Multiculturalism

may share some cultural features with others around them while retaining some of their original cultural traits

Cultural Appropriation

the act of adopting elements of another culture. It is usually used to describe the adoption by a dominant culture of one or more elements of a minority culture

Cultural Landscape

the visible human imprint on the environment, representing how culture shapes places

Diaspora

the dispersion of a people from their original homeland to multiple other locations, often due to migration, exile, or persecution

Colonialism

the practice of one country establishing political control over another territory, often involving settlement and the exploitation of resources and labor for the benefit of the colonizing nation

Christianity and Judaism Hearth

upper eastern saudia arabia

Islam Hearth

southern saudia arabia

Sikhim Hearth

punjab/north india

Buddhism Hearth

north eastern region/nepal

Hinduism hearth

north west india