CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY

What is histology?

The study of the structure and composition of tissue.

What is the primary function of the skin?

To act as a protective barrier for the body against external elements.

Define physiology in the context of skin.

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures, including physical and chemical processes.

What are estheticians specialized in?

The health and beauty of the skin.

What is the thinnest skin found on the body?

On the eyelids and under the eyes.

How much of the body's weight is made up by skin?

About 15%.

What are the three layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

To produce oil that protects and lubricates the skin.

What is trans epidermal water loss (TEWL)?

The loss of water through evaporation on the skin's surface.

What are the primary functions of the skin listed?

Sensation, protection, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption.

What do melanocytes do?

Produce pigment and protect the skin from UV rays.

What is the role of fibroblasts?

They stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.

What is the extracellular matrix?

Composed of collagen and other proteins that support cell metabolism, growth, and migration.

What is hyaluronic acid?

A type of glycosaminoglycan that hydrates and helps retain moisture in the skin.

What is the role of the dermal/epidermal junction (DEJ)?

It connects the dermis to the epidermis.

What causes the skin to sag and wrinkle?

Damage to collagen and elastin fibers.

What can excess UV exposure lead to?

Accelerated skin aging and an increased risk of skin cancer.

What are antioxidants?

Molecules that stabilize free radicals by donating an extra electron.

What is glycation?

The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in damaged structures leading to skin aging.

What is microcirculation?

The circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles, capillaries, and back to the heart.

What is couperose skin?

Damaged capillaries that result in redness due to aging.

What defines rosacea?

A chronic condition characterized by skin redness, flushing, and possibly papules and pustules.