Study on Seed Plants and Their Evolution

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to seed plants, their characteristics, evolution, and significance in the ecosystem.

What is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms?

Gymnosperms are naked seed plants, meaning their seeds are not covered by an ovary or fruit.

When did the first angiosperms evolve?

Angiosperms evolved during the Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago.

What are the advantages of seeds?

Seeds protect embryos from desiccation, carry embryos away from the parent, and allow dormancy during unfavorable years.

What does coevolution refer to in the context of angiosperms and pollinators?

Coevolution refers to the mutual adaptations of angiosperms and their pollinators, such as specific flower traits to attract them.

What is the role of the ovary in angiosperms?

The ovary surrounds the ovule(s) and, if fertilized, the ovule develops into a seed.

What adaptations do gymnosperms have to minimize water loss?

Gymnosperms have needles with a low surface area to volume ratio and a thick, waxy cuticle.

How do fruits facilitate seed dispersal?

Fruits attract animals and other agents to consume them, helping to disperse seeds.

What type of plants dominated the Mesozoic era?

Gymnosperms dominated the Mesozoic era.

Describe the significance of pollination in gymnosperms.

Pollination in gymnosperms often relies on wind and chance, whereas angiosperms use specific pollinators for more effective pollination.

What was the outcome of the KT mass extinction event?

The KT mass extinction led to the dominance of angiosperms after the extinction of many species, including the dinosaurs.