World War 1

Militarism

belief that a country should have a strong military

Alliances

agreements among countries to cooperate with, protect, and defend one another

Imperialism

policy of extending a country’s power through diplomacy or military force

Nationalism

extreme, blind pride in one’s country, belief one’s country is “better” than all others, extreme desire for national independence

pre-war alliances

Germany + A-H, Russia + Serbia, Britain + Belgium, Russia + France + Britain, Italy + Germany + A-H

National sovereignty

fight of a national group to be free + indep. w/ their own gov’t + country

Francis Ferdinand

Archduke, got assassinated

The Black Hand

terrorist group of young Serbian nationalists, goal is to unite all Slavs in southern Europe, plans an assassination that sparks the Great War.

Gavrilo Princip

19 yrs old, plan failed so hides in crowded market, when saw the Archduke on the street he was on he shot both his wife and the Archduke killing them both

outbreak of war

1. A-H blames Serbia but A-H does not have strong military

2. Germany promises A-H a “Blank Check”

3. A-H declares war on Serbia

4. Russia mobilizes

5. Germany declares war on Russia first and then France (preemptively)

6. Germany is now committed to fighting a war on two fronts

“Black check”

a country gives another country unlimited support without setting clear limits

The Schlieffen Plan

1st: Germany quickly invade france + quickly defeat france. 2nd: France surrenders, Germany focuses all troops on Eastern front

First Battle of the Marne

1: German forces get stopped at Western Front. 2: A stalemate results, leading to trench warfare. (Sept. 1914)

Stalemate

neither side of war can win or make any progress

war of attrition

wearing out the enemy

trench warfare

war where both sides have trenches to protect themselves from the enemies

Casualties

deaths, serious injuries, etc.

Western Front

France + Germany

Eastern Front

Germany + Russia

Central Powers

A-H, Bulgaria, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Italy, France, Russia, Britain, Belgium, Serbia

Battle of the Somme

July - November 1916: Biggest war in WW1. French leaders planned an attack against germans to overwhelm them. German trenches were heavily secured, war, many british casualties, only advanced 5 miles.

“Dulce et Decoram Est”

Poem written by Wilfred Owen. killed on nov 4, 1918. Poem was about his friend who died from poison gas. Dulce eat Decorum est Prop Patria mori means it is sweet and proper to die for your country. This is a lie.

President Wilson’s Declaration of Neutrality

President Wilson made of declaration of neutrality on August 19, 1914, which make the US neutral in the war