Studied by 4 people
including Hitler's rise to power during the Weimar Republic
Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party (DAP) in Munich
1919
The German Workers’ Party (DAP) renamed itself the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)
1920
Hitler succeeded Anton Drexler as leader of the Nazi Party
1921
Hitler established the ‘Gymnastics and Sport Division’ to deal with hecklers at party meetings, eventually became the Sturmabteiling (SA)
1921
Munich Beer Hall Putsch → Hitler was arrested and sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months
8 November 1923
Ebert declared a state of emergency due to the treason in Munich
9 November 1923
Communists won 54 seats in the Reichstag, the Nazis won 12, the SDP won 153
1928
Stresseman died leaving Germany without a strong leader
1929
Germany’s unemployment was over 3 million
By 1930
Hindenburg appointed Bruning from the Centre Party as Chancellor → became known as "Hunger Chancellor” due to his deflationary policies → more extreme voting, 107 seats for the Nazis
1930
Hindenburg replaced Bruning with Franc von Papen → “Baron’s Cabinet” due to the proportion of aristocrats → turn to the KDP
1932
The Nazi Party won 230 seats in the Reichstag after employing propaganda methods
July 1932
Popularity of the Nazis declined as they received 196 seats in the Reichstag, von Schleicher was briefly Chancellor
November 1932
The SA ruled the streets with violence and intimidation during the elections → 99 people died
1932
Hindenburg refused to make Hitler Chancellor, kept von Papen → Hindenburg planned to use Article 48 to pass von Papen’s decisions into law
July 1932
Newly elected Reichstag met → 513 voted no confidence in von Papen
12 September 1932
Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, Hindenburg insisted that there would only be 3 Nazis in cabinet and Hitler would be accompanied by von Papen
30 January 1933
Reichstag fire shortly before planned elections → Hitler got Hindenburg to sign the emergency Law for the Protection of People and the State, SA arrested 4000 Communists
27 February 1933
Nazis won 288 seats → formed a coalition with the DNVP, guaranteed the Centre Party that he would protect the Catholic Church → achieved the 2/3 majority he required
5 March 1933
Enabling Act passed, opposed by only 94 members
24 March 1933
The Law for the Re-establishment of the Civil Service removed Jews and opposition from all civil service jobs
7 April 1933
Workers granted a May Day holiday, trade unions then banned
1 and 2 May 1933
Law passed against the formation of new political parties → one party state
14 July 1933
Night of the Long Knives → SS attacked the SA, up to 400 including Ernst Rohm were executed
29 June 1934
Hindenburg died, Hitler assumed the new role of Fuhrer → Gleichschaltung implemented
10 August 1934
Nazi Party membership was over 5 million, there were about 500,000 party officials
By 1939
No longer state governments, had been replaced by Gaue with leaders (Gauleiter) answerable to Hitler
By 1934
SS formed as Hitler’s bodyguards
1925
Main aim of the SS was to eliminate opposition within Germany
From 1934
There were 45,000 Gestapo officers
By 1945
SA Commander-in-chief General von Fritsch forced to resign, replaced by those who wouldn’t challenge Hitler
1937
First concentration camps built in disused factories and warehouses
1933
Edelweiss Pirates were a youth gang that rejected Nazi ways
Late 1930s
Failed ‘July Plot’ to bomb Hitler by the Kreisau Circle
July 1944
Ministry of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda established, led by Dr Joseph Goebbels
1933
Olympic Games in Berlin were used as a propaganda opportunity
1936
Hitler appointed Hjalmar Schacht as economics minister → he promoted trade and sought to establish an ‘Organization of industry’ but never became a Nazi member
1934
Herrmann Goering replaced Schacht as economics minister → produced the Four Year Plan to achieve autarky
1936
Albert Speer appointed as Minister of Armaments and War Production → armament production doubled
1942
A quarter of Germany’s 40 million strong workforce was composed of foreigners deported to Germany
By 1944
Economic recovery was evident after the Wall Street Crash
From 1932
Law to Reduce Unemployment passed, was effective
1933
Schacht introduced the ‘New Plan’ which created employment through public works → men aged 18-25 had to join the National Labour Service for 6 months
1934
All men aged 18-25 had to do 2 years of military service → reduction in unemployment
From 1935
Money spent on the military rose from 10 billion RM to 17 billion RM
1937 to 1938
Herman Goering became Commissioner of Raw Materials → Germany began manufacturing synthetic rubber and oil
April 1936
Trade unions were abolished and replaced German Labour Front (DAP)
1933
DAF peaked at 20 million members
1930s
180,000 workers had been on a sponsored cruise; 10 million workers had enjoyed a state financed holiday
By 1938
Law for the Ordering of National Labour passed → factory inspections, improvement of working conditions
1934
Agriculture prices dropped
1929 to 1933
The Reich Food Estate took over the planning and organisation of agriculture
1933
Battle for Production launched to increase the production of grain
1934 to 1935
Frauenfront established by Robert Ley → all 230 women’s organisations in Germany were made to expel Jews and join the front
10 May 1933
Law for the Encouragement of Marriage → promoted through ‘Kinder, Küche, Kirche’
June 1933
Nearly all 19,000 women in the civil service lost their jobs; 15% of woman teachers lost their jobs
1933
Women could not be judges or do jury duty
From 1936
Decline in female employment from 37% to 31%
From 1933 to 1937
Law for Reduction of Unemployment → monetary rewards for having children included low interest loans of up to 1000 RM
1933
Divorce rate increased
1933 to 1939
Germany reached full employment
By 1938
The number of working women rose to 14.6 million
By 1938
Unmarried women were made to serve a ‘duty year’ of work due to the shortage of workers
1938
‘Mother’s Cross’ award introduced
May 1939
Youth were conscripted into youth organisations → Deutsches Jungvolk, Hitler Jugend, Jungmabelbund, Bund Deutscher Madel
From 1939
Bund Deutscher Madel had membership of over 2 million
By 1936
Hitler Judged had 6 million members
By 1936
97% of teachers were Nazi party members
By 1937
Hitler spoke of ‘stamping out Christianity’
1933
‘Positive Christianity’ became the state religion
1934
Only 5% of the population was registered as ‘Positive Christianity’ members
By 1939
Concordat signed with the Pope → Catholic Church had religious freedom if it didn’t interfere with politics
1933
Hitler appointed Ludwig Muller as National Bishop to all Protestant Churches, made one German Christian Church
1933
Beggars and the homeless were registered and issued with permits, made to work in exchange for accomodation
From September 1933
Beggars and the homeless were detained in Buchenwald; about 10,000 were imprisoned
By 1938
Himmler claimed homosexuality undermined Germany’s growth to become a world power
1937
Gestapo had identified 100,000 homosexuals as ‘criminals’; 25,000 were convicted
By 1939
5,000 to 15,000 homosexuals imprisoned
During the war
Jehovah’s Witnesses were banned
1933
Amount of Sinti and Roma in Germany decreased from 30,000 to 5,000
From 1933 to 1945
Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring → used to justify compulsory sterilisation
1933
The State carried out up to 350,000 sterilisations
1934 to 1935
72,000 deaths occurred before the T-4 program was halted due to protests by the public and church
1939 to 1941
Jews banned from jobs in the civil service
7 April 1933
Nazis called for a boycott of Jewish businesses
From 1 April 1933
Jews banned from journalism
October 1933
Nuremburg Laws → Jews deprived of citizenship and were disenfranchised
1935
Kristallnacht: Goebbels ordered attacks on Jewish homes, shops and synagogues → 100 Jews murdered, 20,000 sent to concentration camps
9 November 1938
Hitler declared to the Reichstag that any future war would lead to ‘the destruction of the Jewish race in Europe’
30 January 1939
‘final solution’ put in place
January 1942
Note 
Flashcard (90)