Studied by 17 people
Pre-Columbian Era
Period before European contact with the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
Biological and cultural exchanges between Old and New Worlds.
Matrilineal Society
Society organized by females, prevalent in Southwest.
Patrilineal Society
Society organized by males, focused on hunting.
Navajo
Native American tribe in the Southwest region.
Apache
Native American tribe in the Southwest region.
Longhouses
200-foot dwellings for multiple families in Northeast.
Mound Builders
Tribes creating earthen mounds for trade and society.
Three Sisters Farming
Agricultural technique using corn, beans, and squash.
Pueblo Revolt
1680 uprising against Spanish colonial rule in New Mexico.
Encomienda System
Spanish system granting land and control over natives.
Bartolomé de Las Casas
Critic of Spanish treatment of Native Americans.
Slave Trade
Movement of Africans to the New World for labor.
Fur Trade
Economic activity central to French colonial relations.
British Settlement
Last European group to colonize the Americas.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in Virginia, 1607.
Virginia Company
Group funding the establishment of Jamestown colony.
John Smith
Leader of Jamestown, known for relations with Powhatan.
Pocahontas
Native American woman associated with John Smith's story.
Powhatan Confederacy
Group of Native American tribes in Virginia.
Work or Starve
John Smith's motto emphasizing labor for survival.
Roanoke
First attempted English colony, mysteriously vanished.
CROATOAN
Inscription left at Roanoke, indicating possible relocation.
Semi-Sedentary
Lifestyle involving seasonal movement and agriculture.
Irrigation Systems
Techniques to manage water for agriculture in Southwest.
Adobe Bricks
Building material used by Southwestern Native Americans.
Disease Impact
European diseases devastated Native American populations.
Trading Posts
Locations established by French for fur trade.
Indentured Servitude
Labor system where individuals worked for passage.
John Rolfe
Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia in 1613.
Tobacco
First cash crop in Southern Colonies, vital for economy.
Headright System
Land grant system encouraging indentured servitude in 1618.
Virginia House of Burgesses
First legislative assembly in American colonies, established 1619.
Self-Government
Colonists' ability to govern themselves, initiated by Burgesses.
Plymouth Colony
Established by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in 1620.
Mayflower Compact
Agreement for self-governance by Pilgrims upon arrival.
Wampanoag Tribe
Native Americans who interacted with Pilgrims in 1621.
Squanto
Wampanoag who taught Pilgrims essential survival skills.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritan settlement, grew rapidly from 1630-1691.
John Winthrop
Governor who envisioned a 'City on a Hill.'
Salem Witch Trials
1692-1693 events leading to executions over witchcraft accusations.
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania and advocate for Quaker rights.
Quakers
Religious group promoting peace and equality, settled in Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania
Agricultural 'Bread-Basket' colony founded by William Penn.
Religious Freedom
Maryland's Act allowed diverse religious practices in colonies.
Diversity
Variety of ethnicities and religions in Pennsylvania.
Commercial Farming
Agricultural practice focused on producing goods for sale.
Subsistence Farming
Farming primarily for personal consumption, not for sale.
Enslaved Population
4,000 enslaved individuals brought to Pennsylvania by 1730.
King Philip's War
Native rebellion against English colonists (1675-1676).
Masashote
Also known as King Philip, leader of Native tribes.
Bacon's Rebellion
Colonial revolt against Native raids and governance (1676-1677).
William Berkley
Governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion.
Nathaniel Bacon
Leader of militia opposing Native Americans in Virginia.
Dysentery
Disease causing Bacon's death in October 1676.
Triangle Trade
Trade route involving Africa, Americas, and Europe.
Stono Rebellion
Slave uprising in South Carolina (1739).
Jemmy
Leader of the Stono Rebellion from West Central Africa.
Mercantilism
Economic policy favoring exports over imports.
Navigation Acts
Laws regulating colonial trade for taxation.
Molasses Act 1733
Prohibited French sugar for rum production.
Salutary Neglect
Unenforced trade laws benefiting colonial expansion.
The First Great Awakening
Religious revival in American colonies (1730s-1740s).
George Whitefield
Minister who preached extensively during the Awakening.
Jonathan Edwards
Preacher emphasizing human sinfulness and church attendance.
Enlightenment
Intellectual movement challenging colonial authority (1685-1815).
Benjamin Franklin
Founding figure promoting science and new ideas.
Junto
Discussion group created by Benjamin Franklin.
Philosophical Society
Group founded by Franklin for scientific discourse.
Colonial Authority
Governance challenged by Enlightenment and religious movements.
Religious Revitalization
Movement encouraging personal faith and church attendance.
Raids on Settlers
Native attacks on plantations near Jamestown.
Execution of Militias
Punishment for Bacon's supporters after rebellion.
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Flashcard (65)