APush chapter 1

Pre-Columbian Era

Period before European contact with the Americas.

Columbian Exchange

Biological and cultural exchanges between Old and New Worlds.

Matrilineal Society

Society organized by females, prevalent in Southwest.

Patrilineal Society

Society organized by males, focused on hunting.

Navajo

Native American tribe in the Southwest region.

Apache

Native American tribe in the Southwest region.

Longhouses

200-foot dwellings for multiple families in Northeast.

Mound Builders

Tribes creating earthen mounds for trade and society.

Three Sisters Farming

Agricultural technique using corn, beans, and squash.

Pueblo Revolt

1680 uprising against Spanish colonial rule in New Mexico.

Encomienda System

Spanish system granting land and control over natives.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Critic of Spanish treatment of Native Americans.

Slave Trade

Movement of Africans to the New World for labor.

Fur Trade

Economic activity central to French colonial relations.

British Settlement

Last European group to colonize the Americas.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in Virginia, 1607.

Virginia Company

Group funding the establishment of Jamestown colony.

John Smith

Leader of Jamestown, known for relations with Powhatan.

Pocahontas

Native American woman associated with John Smith's story.

Powhatan Confederacy

Group of Native American tribes in Virginia.

Work or Starve

John Smith's motto emphasizing labor for survival.

Roanoke

First attempted English colony, mysteriously vanished.

CROATOAN

Inscription left at Roanoke, indicating possible relocation.

Semi-Sedentary

Lifestyle involving seasonal movement and agriculture.

Irrigation Systems

Techniques to manage water for agriculture in Southwest.

Adobe Bricks

Building material used by Southwestern Native Americans.

Disease Impact

European diseases devastated Native American populations.

Trading Posts

Locations established by French for fur trade.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system where individuals worked for passage.

John Rolfe

Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia in 1613.

Tobacco

First cash crop in Southern Colonies, vital for economy.

Headright System

Land grant system encouraging indentured servitude in 1618.

Virginia House of Burgesses

First legislative assembly in American colonies, established 1619.

Self-Government

Colonists' ability to govern themselves, initiated by Burgesses.

Plymouth Colony

Established by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in 1620.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement for self-governance by Pilgrims upon arrival.

Wampanoag Tribe

Native Americans who interacted with Pilgrims in 1621.

Squanto

Wampanoag who taught Pilgrims essential survival skills.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritan settlement, grew rapidly from 1630-1691.

John Winthrop

Governor who envisioned a 'City on a Hill.'

Salem Witch Trials

1692-1693 events leading to executions over witchcraft accusations.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania and advocate for Quaker rights.

Quakers

Religious group promoting peace and equality, settled in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania

Agricultural 'Bread-Basket' colony founded by William Penn.

Religious Freedom

Maryland's Act allowed diverse religious practices in colonies.

Diversity

Variety of ethnicities and religions in Pennsylvania.

Commercial Farming

Agricultural practice focused on producing goods for sale.

Subsistence Farming

Farming primarily for personal consumption, not for sale.

Enslaved Population

4,000 enslaved individuals brought to Pennsylvania by 1730.

King Philip's War

Native rebellion against English colonists (1675-1676).

Masashote

Also known as King Philip, leader of Native tribes.

Bacon's Rebellion

Colonial revolt against Native raids and governance (1676-1677).

William Berkley

Governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion.

Nathaniel Bacon

Leader of militia opposing Native Americans in Virginia.

Dysentery

Disease causing Bacon's death in October 1676.

Triangle Trade

Trade route involving Africa, Americas, and Europe.

Stono Rebellion

Slave uprising in South Carolina (1739).

Jemmy

Leader of the Stono Rebellion from West Central Africa.

Mercantilism

Economic policy favoring exports over imports.

Navigation Acts

Laws regulating colonial trade for taxation.

Molasses Act 1733

Prohibited French sugar for rum production.

Salutary Neglect

Unenforced trade laws benefiting colonial expansion.

The First Great Awakening

Religious revival in American colonies (1730s-1740s).

George Whitefield

Minister who preached extensively during the Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher emphasizing human sinfulness and church attendance.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement challenging colonial authority (1685-1815).

Benjamin Franklin

Founding figure promoting science and new ideas.

Junto

Discussion group created by Benjamin Franklin.

Philosophical Society

Group founded by Franklin for scientific discourse.

Colonial Authority

Governance challenged by Enlightenment and religious movements.

Religious Revitalization

Movement encouraging personal faith and church attendance.

Raids on Settlers

Native attacks on plantations near Jamestown.

Execution of Militias

Punishment for Bacon's supporters after rebellion.