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What were the causes of WW1?
M-A-N-I-A
Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism,Imperialism, Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Militarism
increase size and strength of of military
Alliances
Germany defends ally Austria-Hungary, forces France and England to defend their allies of Russia and Serbia
Nationalism
Pride/ loyalty in country-Serbian nationalists kill Austria-Hungary’s leader
Imperialism
Nations compete and fight for colonies around the world
Assassination of Arch duke Ferdinand
Balkans aka”the powder keg of Europe”
-Immediate cause/ spark that started World War 1
Germans joined Austria Hungary in declaring war against Russia, Serbia, Britain, and France
What new warfare was introduced during WW1?
Chemical weapons- biological weapons like poison and mustard gas
Machine Guns led to trench warfare
Trench Warfare- trenches dug to avoid open fire
How did WW1 end?
-Treaty of Versailles-Germany harshly punished
-Germany accepts blame
-Germany pays reparations, (damages) from ww1
-Germany reduces military size
-Germany loses land
-Treaty causes Rise of Fascist Germany, Hitler and WW2
What Caused the Russian/ Bolshevik Revolution?
-Bloody Sunday-Czar (leader) killed innocent Russians
-Bolsheviks promising land to the poor/ peasants
-Vladimir Lenin promising “PEACE, LAND and BREAD”
-Losing Russo-Japanese War-weak military
-Economic differences between social classes
-World War 1 failures
How did Joseph Stalin rule the Soviet Union?
-Totalitarian Regime
-Killed political opponents
-Censored citizens
Secret police-TERROR
What were the effects of the Russian Revolution?
-Lenin’s Communist Russia-First communist Government EVER
-Command economy-Businesses told what products to sell/ buy
-Government Controlled Businesses
-New Economic Policy -Allowed some elements of Capitalism
Stalin’s Soviet Union
-5 year plan - Increase Agricultural and industrial output (HEAVY INDUSTRY)
-Collectivization-widespread food shortage and forced famine/starvation in Ukraine
What Caused totalitarianism?
-Economic and social problems like the Great Depression and loss of faith in democracy
What is totalitarianism?
-Citizens gave up freedom for stability(safety)
-leaders have total control
-State/country was more important than individuals
-censorship, arrests, secret police force
-Denied basic human rights
-Adolf Hitler in Germany
-Benito Mussolini in Italy