golgi apparatus

medial golgi network (the middle part with stack of cisternae)
cis golgi network (closet to ER
trans golgi network ( farthest from ER closet to cell surface)
transport vesicle is bud from the trans golgi network which carry lipid and protein to other organelle in endomembrane system

3 parts of golgi

anterograde movement (from ER to plasma membrane)
retrograde( from plasma membrane to ER)

anterograde and retrograde movement of lipid and protein

cisternae stationary model ( cisternae didn’t move and vesicle pass from ER to plasma
& cisternae maturation model ( cisternae change in composition and move forward)

two model for the movement of shuttle vesicle through the Golgi

• Involved in transporting materials to be secreted outside the cell.

• Secretory Vesicles

refers to vesicle that will be transported with in the cell

transport vesicles

the membrane originate from ER becomes part of the plasma membrane

in exocytosis , membrane in er describe it

modifying and packaging of protein for transportation to the destination

Golgi apparatus function

blue is anterograde

pink is retrograde

the addition of carbohydrate side chain (glycan) into the amino acid residue of protein.
N-linked - glycan is added to the nitrogen atom
O-linked - glycan is added to the oxygen atom

glycosylation

endocytosis

process of cell internalizing external materials

Nope , its unique for eukaryotic cell

Did prokaryote perform endocytosis or exocytosis?

1, approach to the plasma membrane
2, secretory vesicle fuse with plasma membrane
3, rupture of plasma membrane
4, release of protein and lipid

exocytosis steps

1, plasma membrane invaginate(縮入內部) to form a pocket which contain macromolecule from outside of the cell.
2,the opening of the ‘pocket’ closed and enclose the external materials
3, finally a vesicle is formed

endocytosis steps

Tags on proteins and lipids play a crucial role in ensuring that cellular materials are correctly sorted and transported to their intended destinations.
exclude material from vesicle and target the corrrect vesicle to enter

tag function

disrupt the vesicle trafficking toward lysosome

inhibition of inositol kinase