World History Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide

made by praneel and vivaan

All of the following places were located on the Pacific Rim EXCEPT (China) (Indoshina) (Singapore ) (the Philippines)

China

Malaysia became the world's leading exporter of (Tea) (Teak) (Rubber) (Sugar Cane)

Rubber

The main reason for British colonization of Singapore was to obtain use of its (Harbor) (Tin Mines) (Plantations) (Sources of cheap labor)

Harbor

Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch of (Borneo) (Hawaii) (Java) (The Philippines)

Hawaii

King Mongkut modernized (Guam) (Hawaii) (New Guinea) (Siam)

Siam

As a direct result of the spanish-american war. the United States acquired all of the following EXCEPT: (Hawaii) (Indosnia) (the Phillipines) (Puerto Rico)

Hawaii

Emilio Aguinaldo fought for the independent of (Java) (Indosesia) (Malacca) (The Phillippines)

The Philippines

Early in the 19th century, the Dutch gained control of these islands (Guam and New Guinea) (Indonisia) (the Philippines) (the Solomon Islands)

Indonesia

Why did Western nations desire lands in the Pacific Rim (because Europe had already conquered Africa and South America) (because Pacific Rim lands were considered "the jewel in the crown") (because of their natrual resoures and strategic location) (because Western nations had lost their foothold in Africa)

because of their natrual resources and strategic location

What set the stage for Vietnamese resistance against the French (The French levied heavy taxes on local industry) (The French only hired Vietnamese Christians for the gov.) (Peasants had less rice to eat becasue the French exported most of it.) (The French importantion of rubber trees destroyed most major rice fields.)

Peasants had less rice to eat becasue the French exported most of it.

Why did America sugar planters overthrow Queen Lilioukalani (She levied a tax on sugar) (She denied the suger planters their civil rights) (She placed Sanford B. Dole and several plantation owners in jail) (she wanted to restore the political power to the native Hawaiins)

She wanted to restore the political power to the native Hawaiians

Which of the following was NOT an important product from Southeast Asia on the world market? (Coffee) (Rubber) (Sugar Cane) (Wheat)

Wheat

In the 19th century, Germany gained control of all of the following islands EXCEPT (Indonesia) (Marshal Islands) (New Guinea) (Soloman Islands)

Indonesia

All of the following places were once part of French Indoshcina EXCEPT (Cambodia) (Laos) (Thailand) (Vietnam)

Thailand

In 1894, this person was named president of the new Republic of Hawaii (Grover Cleveland) (Queen Lilioukalani) (Sanford B. Dole) (William Howard Taft) (William McKinley)

Sanford B. Dole

Explain how the country of Siam was one of the only countries of Southeast Asia that managed to remain independent from European Imperialism

Recognized Western military strengths & avoided conflicts

Had strong central government & kings who understood the need to modernize

Learned from the west-sent people to study in West + hired western teachers

Developed modern army

Introduced social reform - abolished slavery, gave women some choice in marriage

Describe 4 ways that European Imperialism impacted/effected Southeast Asia

1.grew countries economic status by growing cash crops. 2. made transportation and communication easier by. making railroads and telegraph systems 3. better educations for people 4. better sanitation and health 5. Became a melting pot of different religions and ethnicities

A perosn who organizes, managers, and takes on the risks of a business is a/an: (communist) (entrepreneur) (Luddite) (Marxist) (Socialist)

Entrepreneur

The economic policy that favored a free market and letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without government interference is known as: (communism) (laissez faire) (mercantilism) (socialism) (utilitarianism)

laissez faire

Before this historic event, most people lived in the countryside on farms and got the things they needed by making themselves. And, after this historic event, most people started move to cities and most things were made by machines in factories. (the Enlightenment) (The French Revolution) (The Industrial Revolution) (The Renaissance)

The Industrial Revolution

This was a complete form of socialism in which the means of production would be owned by people and private property would cease to exist. (abolition) (capitalism) (communism) (mercantilism) (utilitarianism)

communism

These socialist dream of a perfect society, perfect government, law and economy, with no extreme wealth or poverty, and everybody is happy; they try to achieve goals by creating model communities, where members share in the labor and the rewards (capitalists) (entrepreneurs) (Luddities) (Scientific Socialists) (Utopian Socialists)

Utopian Socialists

This theory argues that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. (absolutism) (capitalism) (laissez faire) (mercantilism) (utilitarianism)

utilitarianism

Karl Marx co-authored The Communist Manifesto with his BFF (Adam Smith) (Charles Fourier) (David Ricardo) (Friedrich Engels) (Jane Addams)

Friedrich Engels

This person wrote the book, The Wealth of Nations, and defended free markets: (Adam Smith) (Charles Fourier) (David Ricardo) (Friedrich Engels) (Jane Addams)

Adam Smith

These are voluntrary associations of workers who pressed for reforms were called: (corporations) (enclosures) (luddites) (strikes) (unions)

unions

This is an economic system in which individuals and businesses own property and the means of production. (capitalism) (communism) (mercantilism) (socialism) (utilitarianism)

capitalism

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts is a (corporations) (enclosures) (luddites) (strikes) (unions)

corporations

What are the three factors of production for industrialization (land, labor, capital) (government, military, colonies) (raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods) (road, railway, and water transport)

land, labor, capital

The process of negotiation between workers and employers is called (collective bargaining) (laissez faire) (strike) (unions)

collective bargaining

Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should (leave the economy alone) (allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoisie) (destroy the economy) (actively plan the economy)

actively plan the economy

A refusal to work employees is called (collective bargaining) (laissez faire) (strike) (unions)

strike

Which of the following statements about the book The Wealth of Nations is INcorrect? (it was published in 1776 and became the foundation for the study of modern economics) (It was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) (It put forth ideas that the government should not interfere in the economy) (It put forth the three Natural Laws of Economics)

It was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Which of the following statements about the book The Communist Manifesto is INcorrect? ( It was published in 1848 and became the foundation for the study of scientific socialism) (It promoted the idea that history was based on conflict between the haves and the have-nots) (It promoted the idea that the Industrial Revolution benefited the worker and made them the ruling class) (It promoted the idea that a worldwide revolution was coming between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat)

It promoted the idea that the Industrial Revolution benefited the worker and made them the ruling class

Which of the following statements about the basic premises of Socialism is INcorrect? (Capitalism as it exists is unfair to the industrial worker) (In place of collective ownership, there should be private ownership) (The wealth of a society should be equally distributed based on some plan or formula) (A socialist economic system would transform human nature for the better)

In place of collective ownership, there should be private ownership

List the necessary steps that Marx described that would take place when the Communists enacted their revolution.

1. Organize the proletariat class 2. Make proletariat the ruling class 3. Establish a dictatorship of the proletariat 4. Eliminate bourgeoisie and capitalism 5. Centralize means/elements of production 6. Utopian, classless society will be formed – government will dissolve away

Describe 3 similarities between Capitalism and Socialism.

1. Both were economic systems/ideas/theories 2. Both strive to improve the economy 3. Both strive to benefit and improve the lives of the people using the system

Describe 3 differences between Capitalism and Socialism.

Capitalism:1. Private ownership of means of production 2. No government intervention in economy 3. Wealth made by individual’s choices and decisions Socialism:1. Collective/public ownership of means of production 2. Government should plan the economy 3. Wealth equally distributed

4 basic premises of Socialism:

1) Collective ownership of production 2) Wealth redistribution 3) Government economic planning 4) Focus on workers' rights

The country where Karl Marx and his partner lived while they conducted their most famous writings

Great Britain

Influenced by Adam Smith, he introduced the idea of Utilitarianism in the late 1700s

Jeremy Bentham

Established a settlement house in Chicago for the aid of women and children

Jane Addams

Led the fight for abolition of slavery in the British Parliament

William Wilberforce

Leader of the Utilitarianism movement in the 1800s

John Stuart Mill

Karl Marx’s native country – got exiled from it twice

Germany

Wrote Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and argued that the working class would always be poor with low wages

David Ricardo

Utopian Socialist who set up model/cooperative working communities in Scotland and Indiana

Robert Owen

This was the first country to successfully undergo a Communist Revolution

Russia

In An Essay on the Principle of Population, he argued that population growth would outpace food supply and most people were destined to be poor

Thomas Malthus

According to Marx, the Industrial Revolution had made this class the ruling class (owners of capital)

Bourgeoisie

One of the most famous American reformers of the 19th century, this Massachusetts native advocated for free public education

Horace Mann

Workers who protested working conditions by destroying machines

Luddites

One of the first Utopian Socialists; proposed equality of economic opportunity and blended ideas with Christianity

Saint-Simon

According to Marx, this class was made up of exploited factory workers

Proletariat

Canal that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea

Suez Canal

Battle that marked the first time an African state defeated a Western power

Adowa

African-speaking farmers who were descended from Dutch settlers

Boer

American journalist turned explorer; commissioned by the King of Belgium to make land claims in Africa

Stanley

Talented Zulu ruler, fought with Europeans in Southern Africa

Shaka

Famous 19th-century missionary and explorer of Africa

Livingston

African nation that maintained its independence from 19th-century European imperialism

Ethiopia

King of Belgium; had land claims in Africa and ran a colony in the Congo River Basin

Leopold II

African King who embraced Western ideas and succeeded in fighting off European imperialists

Menelik II

Father of modern Egypt; modernized Egypt and its army after seizing control

Muhammad Ali

The “Great Game” refers to (the debate that took place at the Berlin Conference) (the contest between Britain and Russia) (the Boer War over South Africa) (the military strategies Russia used to protect Afghanistan from Great Britain)

the contest between Britain and Russia

A policy of treating colonial subjects as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights: (geopolitics) (imperialism) (paternalism) (racism)

paternalism

An interest in, or taking of land, for its strategic location or products is called: (assimilation) (geopolitics) (paternalism) (racism)

geopolitics

Which North African region came under French control between 1879 and 1912? (Algeria) (Tunisia) (Morocco) (All of them)

All of them

Which of the following pairs, naming the European power and its African holding, is correct? (Britain - Nigeria) (France - Madagascar) (Germany - Congo) (Italy - Libya)

Britain - Nigeria

The belief that one race is superior to others: (assimilation) (geopolitics) (paternalism) (racism)

racism

A country or territory with its own internal government, but under the control of an outside power: (colony) (Fashoda) (protectorate) (quinine)

protectorate

The Crimean War was lost by: (Russia) (France) (Britain) (the Ottoman Empire)

Russia

A country or territory that is governed internally by an outside power: (colony) (economic imperialism) (protectorate) (sphere of influence)

colony

In 1907, Russia and Britain agreed to spheres of influence in: (India) (Egypt) (Persia) (Afghanistan)

Persia

By combining the old Cape Colony & Natal with the Boer Republics in 1910, the British created: (Union of the Boer Republics) (Union of South Africa) (Union of North Africa) (Union of East Africa)

Union of South Africa

Policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially: (geopolitics) (imperialism) (paternalism) (racism)

imperialism

By 1914, the Ottoman Empire had: (ceased to exist) (begun to decline) (declined to about a third of its greatest size)

declined to about a third of its greatest size

What aspect of the Ottoman Empire appealed most to world powers? (its access to the Atlantic sea trade) (its growing population) (its strong military defenses) (its advanced technological development)

its access to the Atlantic sea trade

Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from: (sleeping sickness) (malaria) (both A and B)

malaria

All of these factors contributed to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT: (a series of weak sultans) (corruption that led to financial losses) (waves of disease) (increasing inflation)

waves of disease

Persia’s concessions to Western businesses there led to: (the development of oil fields) (Persian control of Afghanistan) (economic treaties between Persia and Britain) (the assassination of Nasir al-Din)

the development of oil fields

List and explain the TWO main causes of Imperialism:

Political Motivations: Nationalism and competition among European powers; need for strategic locations and military bases. Social/Cultural Motivations: Spread of Christianity and Western culture; belief in the superiority of European culture.

2 Positive Effects and 2 Negative Effects of Imperialism on EUROPEAN powers:

Positive: Increased economic opportunities; spread of democratic values & human rights. Negative: Waves of disease; wars/battles.

2 Positive Effects and 2 Negative Effects of Imperialism on AFRICAN powers:

Positive: Introduction to better education; improved infrastructure and healthcare. Negative: Exploitation of natural resources & labor; destruction of local cultures.

Africa’s Vulnerability to Imperialism

Weakness of African States: Fragmented tribes lacked unity, outdated weapons, ineffective resistance. Geographic Factors: Rivers and coasts eased European access, lack of railroads, challenging interiors. Economic Factors: Subsistence farming, no industrial base, dependence on European goods.

Social Darwinism

Origins: Misapplied Darwin’s theory to human societies, claiming Europeans were "fitter." Justification: Used to rationalize imperialism and racism. Impact: Reinforced racist policies and devalued African traditions.

The Boer War (1899–1902)

Causes: British vs. Boers over gold/diamond mines, voting rights. Key Events: Boer guerrilla tactics, British scorched-earth policy, Treaty of Vereeniging. Outcome: Union of South Africa (1910), white minority rule, foreshadowed apartheid.

Old vs. New Imperialism

Old: 1500–1800, trade posts, limited control, cooperation with local rulers. New: 1870–1914, direct colonization, resource exploitation, enabled by technology.

Berlin Conference (1884–85)

Purpose: Divide Africa among European powers without African input. Rules: Claims required "effective occupation," free trade on major rivers. Legacy: Artificial borders, ethnic divisions, set stage for future conflicts.

To curb dissent the British passed this law in 1919 which allowed the British to jail Indian protesters without trial for as long as two years. (Amritsar Act) (Mughal Act) (Rowlatt Act) (Salt Act)

Rowlatt Act

Native Indians who were hired by the British to serve in their army. (Arcot) (Mughal) (Sepoy) (Thugee)

Sepoy

Why was India called the "jewel in the crown"? (It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies.) (It had a vast supply of diamonds, rubies, and sapphires.) (The sepoys were a perfect model of successful imperialism.) (The success of India’s self-sufficient economy strengthened Britain.)

It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies.

Military general who was responsible for establishing British supremacy during the Seven Years’ War. (Arcot) (Clive) (Kipling) (Stanley)

Clive

Which of the following statements about the Partition of India is INcorrect? (the majority of Muslims settled in India) (the majority of Hindus settled in East and West Pakistan) (almost immediately after the partition, India and Pakistan started fighting over Kashmir) (despite being mostly comprised of Hindus, Kashmir chose to align itself with Pakistan)

almost immediately after the partition, India and Pakistan started fighting over Kashmir

The Empire that ruled India before the arrival of the British. (Brahma Samaj) (Mughal) (Thugee) (Zamindar)

Mughal

Tradition of Indian widows throwing themselves on their husband’s funeral pyre. (Mahatma) (Raj) (Sati) (Thuggee)

Sati

Created by the British to appease Indian nationalists, however, it had no real political power. (Brahmo Samaj) (East India Company) (Indian National Congress) (Muslim League)

Indian National Congress

Initial British domination of India began in 1600 when this company was granted a charter that created a trade monopoly on the subcontinent. (Brahmo Samaj) (East India Company) (Indian National Congress) (Muslim League)

East India Company

Which of the following statements about World War I and Indian nationalist activity is INcorrect? (until WW I, the vast majority of Indians had little interest in nationalism) (over one million Indians enlisted in the British Army) (Indian nationalist leaders put their actions on hold in the expectation that they would get the reforms they wanted after the war) (After the war, the British government kept their promises of reforms that included self-rule for India)

over one million Indians enlisted in the British Army

Translated it means "truth-force," in practice it was Gandhi’s principle of civil disobedience. (Amritsar) (Brahma Samaj) (Mughal) (Satyagraha)

Satyagraha