Nutrition 251: Chapter 8: Alcohol

Alcohol is chemically known as _____.

Ethanol

Is alcohol a nutrient?

No

How many calories per gram does alcohol provide?

7 kcal/gram

How many grams is a "standard drink of alcohol"?

14 grams

Is 12 ounces of beer or 16 ounces of beer the amount for a "standard drink"?

12 ounces is the standard drink amount.

How many ounces for a wine cooler vs a wine is a standard drink?

Wine cooler: 10 ounces

Wine: 5 ounces

If a man drinks 5 drinks in 1-2 hours is it moderate or binge drinking?

Binge drinking

What is the threshold for binge drinking for women?

4 drinks or more for women in 1-2 hours

What is the threshold for binge drinking for men?

5 or more for men in 1-2 hours

What does moderate alcohol intake look like for men and women?

Women: 1 standard-sized drink per day for women

Men: 2 standard-sized drinks per day for men

Does alcohol require digestion, transporters, or receptors? (yes/no)

No

Is it difficult or easy for alcohol to be dispersed throughout the body? Does it move easily through cell membranes?

Easy, it moves easily

What organ absorbs 20% of alcohol?

Stomach

Does the small intestine absorb alcohol?

Yes

For energy, can alcohol be stored?

No

Does alcohol have priority in metabolism?

Yes

What pathway is used for low to moderate intake of alcohol?

ADH pathway

What pathway is used for moderate to excessive intake of alcohol?

The Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) or catalase pathway may be used

Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH) is located in:

Stomach and Liver

The Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) is located in:

Liver

The Catalase pathway is located in:

Liver and Other Cells

When is the MEOS and Catalase pathways activated?

During moderate to excessive intake of alcohol

Does the Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH) metabolize 90% of alcohol? (yes/no)

Yes

When do symptoms of intoxication appear?

When alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity and BAC levels rise

What level of blood alcohol is life-threatening?

>0.40

After how many drinks do the health risks associated increase?

1

Are there potential benefits of alcohol consumption?

Yes

What are the potential benefits of alcohol consumption?

decrease risk of CVD, overall mortality

lower serum LDL, increase HDL, and decrease platelet aggregation

Excessive consumption of alcohol contributes to ___ of the 10 leading causes of death

4

Alcohol is responsible for nearly _ in 10 deaths in U.S. adults annually

1

What is Fatty Liver?

Deposits of fat leading to liver enlargement

What is Liver FIbrosis?

Scar tissue formation on the liver

What is Cirrhosis?

Growth of connective tissue destroying liver cells

Is increased risk of breast cancer a risk of alcohol consumption?

Yes

Does alcohol increase risk of developing nutrient deficiencies?

Yes

How does alcohol increase risk of developing nutrient deficiencies?

Replaces nutrients in diet, decreases absorption of nutrients, alters metabolism, alcohol-related tissue damage

What water soluble vitamins can alcohol cause deficiencies in?

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6, B12, folate

What can a deficiency in Thiamin lead to?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (significant changes in brain nervous system)

How does alcohol impact fat soluble vitamin deficiencies?

Alcohol use can damage liver and pancreas, then impairs ability to make bile and fat digesting enzymes.

Can alcohol contribute to miner deficiencies? (yes/no)

Yes

Alcohol use disorders affect __% of Americans in their lifetime

29%

Are alcohol use disorders more common in males or females?

Males

What demographics are most likely to suffer from alcohol use disorders?

Non-Hispanic whites and Native American Indians

Are Alcohol use disorders impacted by genetic influences? (yes/no)

Yes