amna's essay plans

explain diff between near and far places (4)

• near = somewhere geographically or emotionally near

• can be one’s home, or can be a fictional place eg hogwarts

• in general has topophillia and feels like an insider

• far = somewhere geographically or emotionally distant

• can be due to language barrier, away from home, not permanent resident

• in general has topophobia and feels like an outsider

outline how location can contibute to character of a place

• location - where it is geographically

• character = place’s identity and locale

• next to major cities - town develops into a commuter settlement, can change demographics and most people won’t work locally

• location’s climate - effects economic factores - eg hotter - agriculture based

• very remote - uninhabited eg antarctica - character is not as much to do with human influence

outline how land use/built environment can contibute to character of a place

• land use is to do with buildings

• can be presence or lack of

• can be to do with how well maintained

• industrial - would be very polluted, noisy

• open spaces - green, liek great missenden, nature, quiet

• negelcted/dereliction - blackpool before regeneration

• imapcts the lived experience

outline how demographics can contibute to character of a place

• demographics is the study of population structure including age sex employment

• younger poulation = economically active, money reinvested into area so lively

• students - rowdy

• aging popualtion - boring, great missenden - dependency ratio high

• ethnicity - can affect type of services eg brick lane bengali audience ethnic restaraunts

• employment - more = more taxes to be reinvested into area, more = more disposable income = more multiplier effect —- good palce character

outline how economic charcateristics can contibute to character of a place

• employment - more = more taxes to be reinvested into area, more = more disposable income = more multiplier effect —- good palce character

• employment - less = deprivation - cycle of poverty l, less reinvested into area, run down, needs regeneration

• bloomfield 4% economically inactive, 40% no qualifications

Explain why humans might form attachments to some places, but not others. (4)

• depends on quality of experience according to yi fu tuan

• topophilia - good experience, felt at home, felt like an insider, safe, happy, emotional attatchment

• topophobia - bad experience, felt like an outsider

• time spent and quality of time = sense of place

• near/ far places too - may be far so hasnt actually experienced the place

Outline how oral sources can be useful when studying place. (4)

• oral sources include songs, poems, interviews

• these are qualitative data

• these give personal insider perspective

• subjective - opinions of locals

• however is subject to bias

• example is oak tree’s lament from great missenden - describes locals attatchmemnt to place, evoking localism

Assess the extent to which shifting flows of resources/ideas can shape characteristics of a place (6)

• resources

• imports exports

• resources such as minerals water food — improved flows can lead to economic stability

• good wellbeing of population

• can form relationships with other places and become more globalised

• coudl lead to homogenisation

• ideas

• ideas of westernisation, human rights, cultural norms

• can cause improvment to QOL

• can cause shifting cultural norms

• sharing ideas - innovation = more developed area and innovation peaks

• improves character of a place due to good economic wellbeing and social wellbeing but can cause it to be homogenised

“Past connections, not present connections, are more significant in changing places.” Discuss. (20)

Using your local place or contrasting place, to what extent are either changing demographic and cultural characteristics or economic change and social inequalities, dependent on endogenous factors? (20)

Explain how flows of capital are a contributing factor to the process of globalisation. (4)

• flows of capital = goods resources money supplies

• flow of goods - increases interdependence and relations between coutnries

• facilitates trade agreements like EU and NAFTA umrca

• increases interconnectivity

• money flows — online banking and stock shares — allows banks to go global and for FDI to move

• this means LICs can develop and contibute further to flows of resoirces and money — furhter enhances globalisation

Explain how flows of labour are a contributing factor to the process of globalisation. (4)

• via migration

• most is lic to hics

• educated workers lookign for higher skill jobs move to hic for economic reasons = economic migrant

• causes flow of people from lic to hic

• this enhances flow of money too as remittance payements sent back to origin country

• TNCS - branch out, FDI, repatriation fo profits = flow of money

• so flow of labour causes flow of money which enhances globalisation

• can cause brain drain :/

• 58% of uk nhs is trained abroad

Explain how flows of products are a contributing factor to the process of globalisation. (4)

• flow of product is basically = trade

• flow of products increases interdependency on other coutnries

• allows for ricardo’s theory of comparitive advantage and specialisation to kick in

• means that countries have to work together to achieve deregulation of trade markets

• means world is more interconnected

• opens pathway for money flow people flow

Explain how flows of services and information are a contributing factor to the process of globalisation. (4)

• services and info include online banking systems, social media, news

• bank are able to expand globally due to presence of online platfroms

• this increases flow of money in the form of repatriation fo profits, remittance payments and FDI aid loans

• informtation in the form of news = real time events shared across the world = far places = near places

• social media - cultural integration and connections of people cross continential scale

• all increased interconnectivity

• social interdependence

Explain how flows of global marketing are a contributing factor to the process of globalisation. (4)

• standardisation and glocalisation are 2 forms of global marketing

• standardisation with trademarks and fixed marketing patterns = increases the global presence of a product eg apple and it is internationaly recognised

• it contributes to the flow of ideas as the marketing is recognised and slogans recognised worldwide

• glocalisation - tweaking some parts of marketing to specific audiences globally - eg mcdonalds

• altering menu for local needs and likes

• means a global product is more accessible worldwide - increases interconnectivity

Explain what is meant by geopolitics (4)

geopoltics = the relations between countries

Outline the global features and trends in the volume/pattern of international trade/investment associated with globalisation. (4)

• mostly produced in NEEs and flow to HICs

• TNCs tend to operate in LICs and compete in ‘race to the bottom’ of working conditions and cost fo resources and labour

• supply chain is diff countries

• vertical horizontal integration

• 80% of bananas are exported from caribbean and latin america

• japan/germany is one of highest exporter of cars

FDI

• NEEs - more FDI

• increased disposable income in nee - mroe potential for tncs to invest

Outline the contemporary geography of Antarctica (4)

• 14 million km2 area

• 14 km thick

• 58 times size of uk

• antarctic convergence zone - northernly flowing antarctic waters meet the warmer sub antarctic waters

• no precipiation and world’s biggest polar desert

• mc murdo dry valley - 2 mill years no precipitation

Explain how the search for mineral resources is a threat to Antarctica. (4)

• holds large potential for minerals and oil

• increasing population expected 10 bill by 2080

• demand increases —- more pressure on environment

• mroe pressure to exploit it

• but at the momment madrid protocol from 1991 - currenttly 115 members

• pressure to reevaluate - the terms to exploit

• but not sustainable

• is only potential , not definite

To what extent can norms, laws and institutions regulate and reproduce global systems? (6)

norms and laws - stuff thats accepted globally eg human rights

laws are stuf fthat can be punsihed if broken

these include human rigths and conservation of environment - helps increase quality of life and sutainable management of global syustems

eg antarctica high seas

organisations eg un

enforce laws ect

To what extent is there a link between the contemporary geography of Antarctica and its vulnerability to global pressures? (6)

• uninhabitable - untouched - as contemp geog is bad polar cold

• scientific research and exploitation occurs

• aswell as this the nat ocmposition of minerals etc

but

• demand for resources is increasing so technically everywhere is at threat

“Interactions on all sales (local to global) are fundamental to understanding global governance.” Explain this view. (6)

• global scale is enforcing laws and norms by supranational orgs

• these can actually advance change and bring goals

• un SDGs and MDGs

• high seas and antarctcica

• governance of commons relies on global workign together

• uk net zero by 2050 but

local scale

• impacts of climate chnage are highly linked to global governance

• local initivatives both increasing ancd decreasing ghg emissio

• uk’s net zero target - needs local inititiative

Explain how climate can impact key population parameters (4)

• climate impacts inhabitability

• too hot too cold - lower carryign capoacity

• extremes - drought - bad agri - less food water

• balance of ppt and temp - most economically prodcutive

Explain how soils can impact key population parameters (4)

Explain how resource distribution can impact key population parameters (4)

Explain how the development process has an impact on population size (4)

• systems apporach

• 1 variable affects another one

• prp - interlinked

• negative - green revolution

• soil degradation - oivercultivation lower standard fo licving popualtion declien