APUSH Review Flashcards

APUSH Review Flashcards

1492

Columbus arrives in America, marking the start of the Columbian Exchange.

1607

Beginning of English colonies.

1763

French and Indian War, rising tensions.

1776

Declaration of Independence.

1848

End of the Mexican-American War.

1860

Lincoln elected, start of the Civil War.

1865

The Gilded Age.

1865

End of the Civil War.

1877

End of Reconstruction.

1787

Ratification of the Constitution.

1812

Start of the Antebellum Period - Reform.

1898

Spanish-American War.

1901

Progressive Party era.

1914

World War I begins.

1929

The Great Depression begins.

1941

U.S. joins World War II.

1947

Start of the Cold War.

1955

Vietnam War.

1989

End of the Cold War.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit.

Encomienda System

A labor system in which the Spanish enslaved natives.

Caste System

Hierarchical system in colonial Spain organizing people based on race and ancestry.

Mercantilism

An economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country through resource extraction.

Navigation Acts

Series of laws restricting colonial trade to England.

The Enlightenment

Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

The Great Awakening

Religious revival that encouraged rational and less religious thinking

Salutary Neglect

Colonial policy of relaxed royal control over trade and internal colonial affairs.

Virtual Representation

British assertion that members of Parliament represented all classes, not all regions.

Natural Rights

Belief that citizens have basic rights given to them by their creator, not a government

Social Contract

Agreement where people give power to a government in exchange for protection of natural rights.

Separation of Powers

The principle that governmental power is separated into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Federalists

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution, favoring a strong central government.

Anti-Federalists

Those who opposed the U.S. Constitution, favoring state power over a strong federal government.

Republican Motherhood

An expression for the belief that it was women's duty to raise virtuous sons.

Elastic Clause

Congress may make any law that is necessary and proper in order to carry out its other responsibilities

3/5 Compromise

Agreement that slaves would count as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation purposes.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic incident where French officials demanded a bribe from American diplomats.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Series of laws restricting the activities of immigrants and making it illegal to criticize the government.

Nullification

Principle that states can void a federal law they deem unconstitutional.

Judicial Review

The power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a law or official act.

Missouri Compromise

Amendment that Missouri would be a slave state if Maine was a free state, and establishing 36th parallel as boundary between free and slave states

Monroe Doctrine

Established Western Hemisphere as U.S. sphere of influence, perpetually free of European influence.

Spoils System

Andrew Jackson's practice of rewarding political supporters with government positions.

Transcendentalism

Movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism.

Perfectionism

Belief that all human beings can be freed from ignorance, poverty, and sin.

Abolition

Movement to eliminate slavery.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was fated to expand westward across the continent.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise that added California as a free state, popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, and strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska.

13th Amendment

Legislation enacted during Reconstruction that was made into a law except as punishment for crime

14th Amendment

Legislation enacted during Reconstruction that was made to define citizenship.

15th Amendment

Legislation enacted during Reconstruction that was made into a universal male suffrage regardless of race.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation under the principle of separate but equal.

Cash and Carry

Policy that required countries to purchase war goods in cash and carry them on their own ships

Lend-Lease Act

Policy that required U.S. provided military aid to its allies on a loan basis

Marshall Plan

American program that was meant to help rebuild Europe in an effort to stop the spread of communism.

Containment

The attempt to stop the spread of communism

Cuban Missile Crisis

When the U.S. was faced and conflicted with the Soviet Union creating nuclear warfare in Cuba in close proximity to the U.S.

Military Industrial Complex

The close ties between the military establishment, defense contractors, and government agencies

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court case that protected a women's reproductive rights.

Reaganomics:

The trickle down effect to cut taxes for businesses and the wealthy to increase investment, deregulate and privatization