Civil Rights Movement Study Guide

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38 Terms

1

Discrimination

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

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2

Segregation

The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.

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3

De jure segregation

Segregation that is enforced by law, such as Jim Crow laws.

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4

De facto segregation

Segregation that occurs through social conditions, customs, or economic factors rather than legal requirements.

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5

Civil disobedience

The nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government as a form of political protest.

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6

Black power

A movement emphasizing racial pride, economic empowerment, and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.

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7

Reverse discrimination

The claim that policies like affirmative action result in unfair treatment of majority groups, often white individuals.

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8

Pay equity

The concept that individuals in the same workplace should receive equal pay for equal work, regardless of gender or race.

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9

Affirmative Action

Policies aiming to increase opportunities for historically marginalized groups in education and employment.

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10

Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil rights leader who advocated for nonviolent protest and led significant civil rights events.

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11

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist whose refusal to give up her bus seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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12

Malcolm X

A leader in the Nation of Islam who initially advocated for black separatism but later supported racial unity.

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13

Huey Newton/Bobby Seale

Founders of the Black Panther Party, which advocated for self-defense and community programs.

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14

Stokely Carmichael

Leader in the SNCC who popularized the term 'Black Power'.

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15

James Meredith

The first Black student to integrate the University of Mississippi in 1962, sparking riots.

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16

President Truman

Issued Executive Order 9981, desegregating the U.S. military in 1948.

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17

President Eisenhower

Sent federal troops to enforce school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957.

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18

President Kennedy

Supported civil rights legislation and protected Freedom Riders; assassinated in 1963.

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19

President Johnson

Signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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20

Black Panthers

A militant civil rights organization that advocated for self-defense and social programs.

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21

NAACP

Civil rights organization that fought for desegregation and legal equality.

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22

SNCC

Youth-led civil rights group known for organizing sit-ins and voter registration efforts.

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23

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, founded by Martin Luther King Jr. focusing on nonviolent activism.

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24

Brown v. BOE (1954)

Supreme Court ruling that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

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25

Murder of Emmett Till (1955)

The brutal lynching of a Black boy, sparking national outrage and civil rights activism.

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26

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)

A protest against bus segregation led by Martin Luther King Jr.

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27

Little Rock 9 (1957)

Group of Black students who integrated Central High School in Arkansas amidst violent opposition.

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28

Woolworth’s Sit-In (1960)

A staged sit-in at a segregated lunch counter sparking a sit-in movement.

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29

Freedom Rides (1961)

Integrated bus rides through the South to challenge segregation in interstate travel.

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30

Children’s March (1963)

A protest by Black children in Birmingham to highlight segregation, drawing national attention.

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31

March on Washington (1963)

Massive protest for civil rights where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

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32

Freedom Summer (1964)

A voter registration campaign in Mississippi that faced violent opposition.

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33

Selma (1965)

Series of marches for voting rights, leading to the Voting Rights Act after Bloody Sunday.

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34

Watts Riots → Kerner Commission (1965)

Riots over racial injustice leading to a commission reporting systemic racism as a root cause.

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35

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Court case that upheld segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

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36

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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37

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation banning literacy tests and ensuring voting rights for Black Americans.

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38

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Also known as the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting housing discrimination.

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