Untitled Flashcards Set

Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking down glucose (C6H12O6) with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and ATP.

Overall equation of Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⟶ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (C3H4O3), occurring in the cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH without oxygen.

Location of Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm.

ATP produced in Glycolysis

2 ATP.

NADH

An electron carrier that transports electrons for use in later stages of respiration.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

A process that converts each pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix, producing 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2.

Location of Krebs Cycle

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

FADH2

An electron carrier that contributes to the electron transport chain.

Oxygen requirement for Krebs Cycle

Yes, it is an aerobic process.

Location of Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Final electron acceptor in ETC

Oxygen, which combines with electrons to form water.

ATP production in ETC

ATP is produced by the ATP synthase enzyme using energy from the proton gradient by adding a phosphate group to ADP

Fermentation

A process that occurs when oxygen is unavailable, converting pyruvate to lactic acid and regenerating NAD+ to continue glycolysis

ATP produced in Fermentation

2 ATP (small amount).

Drawback of Fermentation

Since NADH is needed for glycolysis, accumulation of lactic acid can be detrimental to cells in the long term.

Pyruvate Oxidation (Before krebs cycle)

One carbon is removed from pyruvate to form CO2

What happens to the remaining molecule in pyruvate oxidation?

Remaining molecule is oxidized, transferring electrons to NAD+ which is reduced to NADH

what coenzyme does the molecule attach to in pyruvate oxidation?

The remaining molecule attaches to Coenzyme A, forming Acetyl-Co (C21H36N7O16P3S).