True or False: The knee joint is the largest surface area articulation of the body.
true
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what type of joint is the knee joint aka tibiofemoral joint?
ginglymus
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what is the largest bone of the shank and is the weight-bearing bone?
tibia
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True or False: the fibula is weight-bearing.
false
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Definition: skeletal projection located between the condyles that keeps the femur on a “track” or rail
intercondyloid eminence
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What type of joint is the patellofemoral articulation?
gliding
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True or False: The patella slides approximately 7 cm in an adult.
false, 8 cm
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true or false: the medial and lateral sides of the knee are primarily made of tendons.
false, ligaments
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what movements does the lateral collateral ligament prevent?
hyperextension, rotation, and adduction
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true or false: the movements the medial collateral ligament prevents are the exact same as the lateral collateral ligament.
false, hyperextension, rotation, and abduction
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why is internal and external rotation possible in a flexed position?
the collateral ligaments are slack
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what are the two interior ligaments of the knee?
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
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true or false: the cruciate ligaments are designed to dissipate torsion.
true
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fill in the blank: torsion causes shear force on the ________ ligaments but tensile force on the _____ ligaments.
collateral; cruciate
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fill in the blank: knee flexion is coupled with _________ of the femur.
translation
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multiple choice: what is the primary reason for translation of the femur during knee flexion?
\-posterior cruciate ligament
\-medial collateral ligament
\-tibialis anterior
\-anterior cruciate ligament
anterior cruciate ligament
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why does the femur translate during knee flexion?
to create a larger contact surface
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what structure increases the moment arm for extension of the knee?
patella
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true or false: knee extension moments are usually smaller than those of knee flexion.
false, greater
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true or false: internal and external rotation of the knee only occurs when the knee is flexed.
true
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true or false: during internal and external rotation, the contact surface is greatly reduced and the collateral ligaments are slackened.
true
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how much can you internally rotate your knee?
30 degrees
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how much can you externally rotate your knee?
40 degrees
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24
what type of joint is the talocrural joint (ankle)?
ginglymus
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what two articulations is the talocrural joint composed of?
talotibial and talofibular
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what is the purpose of the “mortise” angle in the ankle?
prevent medial and lateral movement
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true or false: the fibula is weight-bearing.
false
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true or false: there are 27 bones in the foot.
false, 26
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what does the design of the bones in the foot aid?
propulsion during walking
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how many phalanges are there in the foot?
14
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how many metatarsals are in the foot?
5
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how many tarsals are in the foot?
7
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how are the phalanges numbered?
from medial to lateral (big toe = 1)
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how many phalanges in the big toe?
2
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how many phalanges in the other toes?
3
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what is the proximal phalange called?
base
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what is the distal phalange called?
head
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what is the middle phalange of the 4 toes called?
shaft
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true or false: the metatarsals are named for metatarsus.
true
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true or false: just like the phalanges, the metatarsals are numbered medial to lateral and also have a base, shaft, and head.
true
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which metatarsals have tuberosities on their bases?
first and fifth
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MC: which metatarsal is the largest in mass?
\-2nd
\-1st
\-3rd
\-5th
1st
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true or false: the 2nd metatarsal helps support the majority of the body weight in certain positions as it has the greatest mass.
false, 1st
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the tarsals derive their name from ________.
tarsus
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these bones form the inferior support system for body weight and walking forces.
tarsals
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why is the talus wider anteriorly than posteriorly?
prevents forward translation during walking
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what are the two primary arches of the foot?
longitudinal and transverse
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which arch is the main functional arch, running anterior to posterior?
longitudinal
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Multiple select: what are the functions of the longitudinal arch?
\-structure
\-shock-absorption
\-strength
\-elasticity
shock-absorption and elasticity
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true or false: the longitudinal arch stays the same during weight-acceptance and during propulsion.
false, it flattens during weight-acceptance and springs during propulsion
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classification of the subtalar joint (talocalcaneal)?
gliding
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classification of the calcaneocuboid joint?
gliding
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classification of the talonavicular joint?
modified ball and socket (synarthrodial)
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classification of the tarsometatarsal joint?
gliding
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classification of the intermetatarsal joint?
gliding
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classification of the metatarsophalangeal joint?
condyloid
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classification of the interphalangeal joint?
ginglymus
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what is the basic unit of human gait?
gait cycle (stride)
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the _______ is a sequence of movements occurring from a specific event in the gait cycle (usually initial heel strike) to the repeat event of the same foot. AKA it is sequence of events between initial heel strike of the right foot until the initial heel strike of the right foot on the subsequent cycle.
gait cycle (stride)
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60
when at least one foot is on the ground, this part of the gait cycle is called the ________?
stance phase
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single stance = ________?
1 foot on ground
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double stance = _______?
2 feet on ground
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what phase of the gait cycle is when 1 or both feet are not in contact with the ground?
swing phase
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single swing phase = _______?
1 foot off ground
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double swing phase = _______?
2 feet off ground
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knock-knees; MCL stressed
genu valgum
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bowed legs; LCL stressed; actual bone starts to bend
genu varum
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is the Q-angle of the femur larger in men or women?
women
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true or false: the q-angle being larger in women is a main reason why women are more susceptible to leg injuries.
false
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what is the approximate angle of the femur?
7 degrees
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true or false: base of support is not a vector quantity.
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