KIN 360--FINAL Exam: Practice Questions Leg only

there is a lot. sorry.

True or False: The knee joint is the largest surface area articulation of the body.

true

what type of joint is the knee joint aka tibiofemoral joint?

ginglymus

what is the largest bone of the shank and is the weight-bearing bone?

tibia

True or False: the fibula is weight-bearing.

false

Definition: skeletal projection located between the condyles that keeps the femur on a “track” or rail

intercondyloid eminence

What type of joint is the patellofemoral articulation?

gliding

True or False: The patella slides approximately 7 cm in an adult.

false, 8 cm

true or false: the medial and lateral sides of the knee are primarily made of tendons.

false, ligaments

what movements does the lateral collateral ligament prevent?

hyperextension, rotation, and adduction

true or false: the movements the medial collateral ligament prevents are the exact same as the lateral collateral ligament.

false, hyperextension, rotation, and abduction

why is internal and external rotation possible in a flexed position?

the collateral ligaments are slack

what are the two interior ligaments of the knee?

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

true or false: the cruciate ligaments are designed to dissipate torsion.

true

fill in the blank: torsion causes shear force on the ________ ligaments but tensile force on the _____ ligaments.

collateral; cruciate

fill in the blank: knee flexion is coupled with _________ of the femur.

translation

multiple choice: what is the primary reason for translation of the femur during knee flexion?

\-posterior cruciate ligament

\-medial collateral ligament

\-tibialis anterior

\-anterior cruciate ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

why does the femur translate during knee flexion?

to create a larger contact surface

what structure increases the moment arm for extension of the knee?

patella

true or false: knee extension moments are usually smaller than those of knee flexion.

false, greater

true or false: internal and external rotation of the knee only occurs when the knee is flexed.

true

true or false: during internal and external rotation, the contact surface is greatly reduced and the collateral ligaments are slackened.

true

how much can you internally rotate your knee?

30 degrees

how much can you externally rotate your knee?

40 degrees

what type of joint is the talocrural joint (ankle)?

ginglymus

what two articulations is the talocrural joint composed of?

talotibial and talofibular

what is the purpose of the “mortise” angle in the ankle?

prevent medial and lateral movement

true or false: the fibula is weight-bearing.

false

true or false: there are 27 bones in the foot.

false, 26

what does the design of the bones in the foot aid?

propulsion during walking

how many phalanges are there in the foot?

14

how many metatarsals are in the foot?

5

how many tarsals are in the foot?

7

how are the phalanges numbered?

from medial to lateral (big toe = 1)

how many phalanges in the big toe?

2

how many phalanges in the other toes?

3

what is the proximal phalange called?

base

what is the distal phalange called?

head

what is the middle phalange of the 4 toes called?

shaft

true or false: the metatarsals are named for metatarsus.

true

true or false: just like the phalanges, the metatarsals are numbered medial to lateral and also have a base, shaft, and head.

true

which metatarsals have tuberosities on their bases?

first and fifth

MC: which metatarsal is the largest in mass?

\-2nd

\-1st

\-3rd

\-5th

1st

true or false: the 2nd metatarsal helps support the majority of the body weight in certain positions as it has the greatest mass.

false, 1st

the tarsals derive their name from ________.

tarsus

these bones form the inferior support system for body weight and walking forces.

tarsals

why is the talus wider anteriorly than posteriorly?

prevents forward translation during walking

what are the two primary arches of the foot?

longitudinal and transverse

which arch is the main functional arch, running anterior to posterior?

longitudinal

Multiple select: what are the functions of the longitudinal arch?

\-structure

\-shock-absorption

\-strength

\-elasticity

shock-absorption and elasticity

true or false: the longitudinal arch stays the same during weight-acceptance and during propulsion.

false, it flattens during weight-acceptance and springs during propulsion

classification of the subtalar joint (talocalcaneal)?

gliding

classification of the calcaneocuboid joint?

gliding

classification of the talonavicular joint?

modified ball and socket (synarthrodial)

classification of the tarsometatarsal joint?

gliding

classification of the intermetatarsal joint?

gliding

classification of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

condyloid

classification of the interphalangeal joint?

ginglymus

what is the basic unit of human gait?

gait cycle (stride)

the _______ is a sequence of movements occurring from a specific event in the gait cycle (usually initial heel strike) to the repeat event of the same foot. AKA it is sequence of events between initial heel strike of the right foot until the initial heel strike of the right foot on the subsequent cycle.

gait cycle (stride)

when at least one foot is on the ground, this part of the gait cycle is called the ________?

stance phase

single stance = ________?

1 foot on ground

double stance = _______?

2 feet on ground

what phase of the gait cycle is when 1 or both feet are not in contact with the ground?

swing phase

single swing phase = _______?

1 foot off ground

double swing phase = _______?

2 feet off ground

knock-knees; MCL stressed

genu valgum

bowed legs; LCL stressed; actual bone starts to bend

genu varum

is the Q-angle of the femur larger in men or women?

women

true or false: the q-angle being larger in women is a main reason why women are more susceptible to leg injuries.

false

what is the approximate angle of the femur?

7 degrees

true or false: base of support is not a vector quantity.

false, direction is very important

widening your base of support allows for what?

more space to move your line of gravity