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Acromegaly
A hormonal disorder that results from excessive growth hormone in adults, leading to enlargement of bones in the face, hands, and feet.
Allergy
An abnormal immune response to a substance that is typically harmless to others.
Anuria
The absence of urine production or a very low urine output.
Arthroplasty
Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.
Astigmatism
A common refractive error of the eye that causes blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.
Autism
A developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary symptoms.
Calcaneum
The heel bone in the foot.
Calcium
A mineral essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Calculus, stone
A solid mass formed in the body, such as kidney stones.
Caloric stimulation test
A test to assess the vestibular system by measuring eye movements in response to temperature changes in the ear.
Childbirth, labor
The process of giving birth to a baby.
Circumcision
Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.
Cryptorchidism
A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
C-section
A surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus.
Diabetes mellitus
A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.
Electronystagmography
A test to evaluate involuntary eye movements.
Epilepsy
A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
Episiotomy
Surgical incision made during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening.
Esotropia
A form of strabismus where one or both eyes turn inward.
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.
Eyelid
The skin fold that covers and protects the eye.
Fissure
A narrow opening or crack, often referring to a tear in the skin.
Heel bone
The calcaneum, the largest bone in the foot.
Hematuria
Medical term for the presence of blood in the urine
Hisutism
Acondition characterized by excessive hair growth in areas where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as the face or chest.
Homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain internal stability and balance.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels.
Hyponatremia
Low sodium levels in the blood.
Hypovolemia
Decreased blood volume.
Immunocompetent
Having a competent immune system capable of mounting an appropriate response to pathogens.
Immunodeficiency
Weakened immune system that makes the body more susceptible to infections.
Iron
An essential mineral for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Kidney
An organ responsible for filtering waste from the blood to form urine.
Kinesiometry
Measurement of movement and muscle activity.
Labyrinth
The inner ear structures responsible for balance and hearing.
Lactation
Production of milk by the mammary glands.
Lip
The lip is the fleshy, movable, and often muscular fold that surrounds the mouth, aiding in speech, eating, and facial expressions.
Menarche
Term for a female's first menstrual period?
Menorrhagia
Mmedical term for abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
Metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
Neuralgia
Intense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve.
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testicle.
Osteoplasty
Surgical repair or reconstruction of bone.
Ovary
Female reproductive organ that produces eggs and hormones.
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower half of the body.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body.
Pregnancy
The condition of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body.
Protein
Essential macronutrient for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
Scanty
Small in quantity or amount.
Serum
The clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood has clotted, containing antibodies and other proteins.
Strabismus
Also known as crossed eyes, is a condition where the eyes do not align properly, causing one or both eyes to turn in, out, up, or down.
Stroke
A sudden interruption in blood supply to the brain, leading to brain damage.
Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood flow to the brain.
Testes
Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone.
Tinnitus
Ringing or buzzing in the ears.
Total hip replacement
Surgical procedure to replace a damaged hip joint with an artificial implant.
Urethratresia
Abnormal narrowing or closure of the urethra.
Urethrostenosis
Abnormal narrowing of the urethra.
Uterus
The organ in the female reproductive system where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
Vertigo
A sensation of spinning or dizziness.
Vision
The ability to see.
andr/o
means male or masculine.
-cide
kill or destroy.
galact/o
milk.
-genesis
Suffix meaning the formation or production of.
home/o
Combining form relating to sameness or constant.
mast/o
Combining form relating to the breast.
myel/o
Combining form relating to the spinal cord or bone marrow.
-opsia
Suffix meaning vision or sight.
orchid/o
Combining form relating to the testes.
-plegia
Suffix meaning paralysis.
salping/o
Combining form relating to the fallopian tubes.
scoli/o
Combining form relating to curvature or bent.
Diabetes and hypertension
Common cause of end-stage renal disease
Divisions of the Skeleton
The skeleton is divided into two main parts - the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle).
Axial Skeleton
Consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of the bones of the limbs (arms and legs), shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.
Vasectomy
Elective procedure for male sterilization
Radiculitis
Inflammation of a nerve root associated with spinal column
Proteinuria
The presence of an abnormal (large) amount of protein in the urine.
PSA test
Prostate-specific antigen test used to screen for prostate cancer.
Lymphadenectomy
The surgical removal of lymph nodes.
(CSF) analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is a test that examines cerebrospinal fluid. Test that examines fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord
OGGT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Glucose tolerance test is used to measure how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood.
Types of Dialysis
The two main types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Hemodialysis
Mmedical procedure used to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function effectively.
Peritoneal dialysis
Uses the peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane to remove waste and excess fluid from the body.
Types of fractures
Comminuted fracture and greenstick, open and closed fractures, and Displaced and non-Displaced fractures
Comminuted and greenstick fractures
Comminuted fractures involve the bone breaking into multiple pieces,
Greenstick fractures are incomplete breaks seen in children.
Open and Closed Fractures
Open fractures involve a break in the skin,
while closed fractures do not break the skin.
Displaced and Non-displaced Fractures
Displaced fractures involve bone ends that are not aligned
non-displaced fractures have aligned bone ends.
Types of Muscles
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
Skeletal Muscles
Muscles attached to bones that help with movement and support the body's structure.
Cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscles are specialized muscles found in the heart that are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
Smooth muscles
Involuntary muscles found in organs like the stomach and intestines, responsible for movements like digestion.
Types of Spinal Curvatures
The three main types of spinal curvatures are lordosis (inward curve), kyphosis (outward curve), and scoliosis (sideways curve).
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Kyphosis
Exessive outward curvature of the spine
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