(PSYA02) Module 14 Psychological Disorders

Cultural concepts of distress

pattern of mental illness, distress, and/or symptoms that are unique to a specific ethnic/cultural population and does not conform to standard classifications of psychiatric disorders

4 D’s That Defines Abnormal

Deviance

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are not aligned with cultural norms

Distress

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that cause pain, suffering, or sorrow

Dysfunctional

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are disruptive to routine or day-to-day functioning

Dangerous

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings may lead to harm or injury to self or others

Possible 5th: Duration

To get a diagnosis, the abnormal behaviours need to persist for a specific amount of time

Psychological disorders

patterns of deviant and dysfunctional behaviours, thoughts, and/or feelings that cause significant distress & may be dangerous for a specific amount of time

Psychological Disorders

patterns of deviant and dysfunctional behaviours, thoughts, and/or feelings that cause significant distress, and may even be dangerous, and last for a specific amount of time

Etiology

the biological, psychological and/or social causes of a disorder

3 types of anxiety disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): an anxiety disorder in which worries are not focused on any specific threat

Phobic Disorder Types: Disorder characterized by marked, persistent, excessive fear of specific objects, activities, or situations

Panic disorder: sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physical symptoms typically associated with terror

Mood

Emotional states that are long-lasting and nonspecific 

Maniac episode

A distinct period of high energy and increased activity

Depressive episode

A distinct period of sad mood and loss of interest or pleasure

Major Depressive Disorder/Unipolar Depression:

Severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2+ weeks and is accompanies by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, sleep, disturbance, and/or appetite disturbance

The Helplessness Theory

argues that the way a person thinks about failure makes them more or less likely to be depressed

Dysthymia/Dysthymic Disorder

Moderate depressive symptoms that last for 2+ years

Double Depression

moderate depression + episodes of major depression (double layered)

Bipolar Disorder

characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high moon (mania) and low mood (depression)

Bipolar I Disorder

at least one maniac episode, possibly with hypomanic (high energy) and depressive (low energy) episodes as well

Bipolar II Disorder

presence of both hypomanic and depressive episodes, no manic episodes

Obsessions

recurrent, unwanted and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges, or images

Compulsions

behaviours in response to an obsession.

e.g., Repetitive handwashing

Hoarding Disorder:

Difficulty getting rid of useless possessions.

Results in excessive accumulation of items.

Areas in living space become unusable and hazardous

Trauma

emotional response to something shocking or dangerous

Stress:

reaction to life demands

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

e.g., War, natural disaster, and/or violent crime

Addiction

repeated and compulsive engagement in rewarding activities

Subcategories of Substance-related Disorders

Substance Use Disorders

Substance-Induced Disorders