Health Problems of School-Age Children & Adolescents PPT

what is the biologic development of school-age and adolescents triggered by?

by hormonal influences & controlled by anterior pituitary gland in response to stimulus from the hypothalamus — initiation of puberty

what Erikson stage of development is going on during age 12-18 (adolescent)?

identity vs role confusion

teenager refines sense of self by testing different roles and combining them to create a single identity or becoems confused about who they are

what are the health-related beliefs that make up an adolescent’s conception of self?

• Imaginary audience (everyone is watching)

• Personal fable (won’t happen to me)

what are the changes in social cognition that make up an adolescent’s conception of self?

• Understanding of others’ thoughts & feelings

• Mutual role taking

• Effect on health-related choices

how are peer groups important for school-age and adolescents?

significant in socialization, development, and their value can/may be placed on peer relationships

how is schooling important for school-age and adolescents?

• it plays an important role in prep for adulthood

• can be influenced by parental involvement

• there is an effect of academic success or failure on self-esteem

what is Turner Syndrome?

• a health problem of adolescents — more identifiable in this stage

• chromosomal condition characterized by 45X or 45XO or monosomy X

• they will be of female phenotype (only affects females)

• is rare-ish: 1/10,000 births

• short in stature, shortened metacarpals, particular facial features, different finger joints (maybe scoliosis); renal or cardiac dysfxn; may not have ovaries

what is Kleinfelter Syndrome?

• a health problem of adolescents — more identifiable in this stage

• affects the male phenotype

• less rare: 1/1,000 births

• caused by extra X chromosome (XXY or XXXY, etc.)

what’s the image exemplifying:

Turners Syndrome

what’s the image exemplifying:

Kleinfelter Syndrome

what are some causes of pubertal delay (other than turners and kleinfelters)?

• constitutional growth delay

• chronic illnesses in other systems

• other congenital defects

• psychosocial or deprivation dwarfism

• familial tendency

what’s the nurses overarching role in children with pubertal delay?

assessment, treatment, and teaching

what are the characteristics of assessing children with pubertal delay?

• 14 y girls, 15 y boys

• Family growth history

• Skeletal growth

• Body image and social interaction

what are the characteristics of treating children with pubertal delay?

•May choose to wait on treatment

•Hormone therapy (testosterone, ethinyl estraidol, medroxyprogesterone)

•Psych support

what are the characteristics of teaching children with pubertal delay?

•Support and reassurance about body image and social issues

•Educate on medications and injections

what is the trend for asolescent pregnancy?

on the down — was 61.8% of births in ‘91; is at 13.5% now

what are the medical considerations/aspects for adolescent pregnancy?

• Delayed or inadequate prenatal care

• Diagnosis

• Complications à ectopic/structural factors

• Nutritional needs

what are the general components in the case of adolescent pregnancy?

• Contraception use

• Medical aspects

• Social & Economic aspects

• Mother-Infant Relationship

• Family-centered care

• Nursing care management

what is early sexual initiation in adolescents associated with?

negative physical and mental health outcomes

what are some negative physical and mental health outcomes that are associated with early sexual initiation in adolescents?

•More lifetime partners, more risk STI

•Higher rates teen pregnancy, abortion

•More likely to use alcohol/drugs in connection with sex

what are the common characteristics of anorexia in adolescents?

• Abnormally low BMI < 17.5

• Intense fear of gaining weight

• Distorted body image

what population is primarily affected by anorexia in adolescense?

females (90%)

what’re the factors that affect/influence anorexia in adolescents?

• Genetic vs. Environmental

• MH and Development

• Family

• Media and Society

• Beware of stereotypes

what are some purging behaviors that are seen in bulimia and/or binge eating?

• Laxatives

• Self-induced vomiting

• Diuretics

• Rigorous exercise

how many times do people “purge” per day?

up to 8 or more cycles per day

what are suicide pts considered?

an immediate and urgent emergency — requires immediate intervention and intention

what are the characteristics of school refusal or phobia?

• fear of attending school

• vomiting, diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain

• needs evaluation by a mental health professional

what are some ways to prevent or inhibit school refusal/phobia?

• expose children to school in small degrees, increasing exposure slowly ovet time. eventually this well help them realize there is nothing to fear and that nothing bad will happen

• talk w your child about feelinfs and fears. which helps reduce them

• arrange an informal meeting w teacher

• help focus on positive

• teach self-help methods

• meet w counselr for extra support

• enourgae hobbies

• help child w support system

what are the characteristics of acne?

•80-95% of teens

•What it’s not: dirt, chocolate, not washing face enough

•What we know: teen hormones -> more active sebaceous glands -> clogged pores -> inflammation

known related factors: diet, stress, nicotine, inflammatory markers, genetics, hair and skin products

what’s the typical tx of acne?

Reduce inflammation: Omega 3s, low glycemic diet, daily exercise, stress, sleep, hydrate

what are the characteristics/features/aspects of emergent care of unaccompanied youth?

• Food, shelter, supervision

• Treatment of current health problems

• Vaccinations

• Lice and Scabies

• TB testing

• Trauma and behavioral health

• School

• Emancipation?

is there a legal obligation to inquire or report a patient’s immigration status?

NO

what are health care facilities with regards to immigration law?

“sensitive locations” where immigration enforcement avoided

what does HIPAA prohibit with regards to immigration law?

they prohibit use of PHI without consent except when required by law.

what’re the Need-to-know facts regarding immigration law and the role of the nurse?

• Health care facilities = “sensitive locations” where immigration enforcement avoided

• No legal obligation to inquire or report a patient’s immigration status

• HIPAA prohibits use of PHI without consent except when required by law.

what drug is responsible for the highest amount of drug overdose deaths?

opioids

what percentage of CPS cases in TX involve drugs or alcohol?

75-80%

what are the characteristics of intimate partner violence in adolescence trends?

they’re on the rise

what are the GENERAL characteristics of intimate partner violence in adolescence?

•10% of HS boys and 20% girls report being hit, slammed into something, injured on purpose, forced to engage in sexual activity.

•National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence: more than 60% of adolescents who have dated have experienced emotional IPV (humiliation, controlling behavior, isolation)

•Adolescents, particularly girls, in dating relationships may face risk of homicide, especially in a breakup or jealousy and perpetrator access to firearms

what are some related factors for the fact that adolescent violence is on the rise?

• Adolescent resources lack access to IPV services

• Legal restrictions can ban adolescents from adult IPV shelters

• Some local laws do not recognize a dating relationship as IPV (vs. marriage or cohabitation)

what are the key things to know in this ppt?

• what are some things you should involve law enforcement on

• child safety above all else

• how to involve CPS

• know the growth and development of children (identity vs role confusion)