Physical Science - Chemical Bonding: The Octet Rule, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds

Physical Science - Chemical Bonding: The Octet Rule, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds

Elements

• the basic building blocks of all matter, examples include hydrogen, helium, carbon and gold

  (They are similar to the letters of the English alphabet.)

Chemical Compound

• a substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together, resulting in new chemical properties distinct from the individual elements

Valence Shell

• the outermost shell of an atom that contains electrons and determines its chemical properties and reactivity

Octet Rule

• a principle stating that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration.

Electron Dot Diagrams

• visual representations of the valence electrons in an atom, using dots around the element's symbol to illustrate electrons and lone pairs.

Ionic Bonding

• the electrostatic attraction or bonding between positively and negatively charged ions, typically formed when an electron is transferred from one atom to another.