MPhil1 QnA

Explain how Mary Richmond's work shifted the approach to social work.

From charity-based to a scientific, diagnostic approach. Her book, "Social Diagnosis," emphasized systematic assessment and understanding of clients' situations.Richmond advocated for a more professional methodology in social work, encouraging practitioners to utilize tools such as case studies and empirically-based assessments.

Compare and contrast the three models of community organization proposed by Rothman.

• Locality Development: Focuses on community participation and self-help.

• Social Planning: Emphasizes technical expertise and problem-solving.

• Social Action: Addresses power imbalances and social injustice through advocacy and activism.

These models highlight different strategies for empowering communities and tackling social issues.

What are the core components included in HDI (Human Development Index)

• Life longevity

• Knowledge (adult literary enroll of primary, secondary and tertiary.

• Decent standard of living (real per capita income)

Describe Freud's theory of personality, including the id, ego, and superego, and explain how they interact.

• Id: Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.

• Ego: Operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id and the external world.

• Superego: Represents internalized moral standards and values, providing a sense of conscience. They interact dynamically, with the ego balancing the demands of the id and superego in the context of reality.

List at least five of the Millennium Development Goals and discuss their significance in social development.

• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

• Achieve universal primary education

• Promote gender equality and empower women

• Reduce child mortality rates

• Improve maternal health

• Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease.

Significance: They provided a framework for global development efforts, focusing on key areas of human well-being and sustainability.

Explain the concept of "learned helplessness" and give an example of a population where it might be observed.

A pattern of behavior where an individual responds passively to the risk of harm, often seen in victims of spouse abuse and child abuse. The individual believes their actions have no impact on the outcome, leading to resignation.

What is ethocentrism?

Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Who is Anna Freud?

Anna Freud, daughter of Sigmund Freud, significantly advanced the field of child psychoanalysis. She emphasized the importance of the ego and its defensive mechanisms, helping to elucidate how children’s emotional conflicts influence their development. She developed the Ego Defense Mechanism Chart.

Define Gerentology

The scientific study of old age, the process of ageing, and the particular problems of old people.

What is the focus of solution brief therapy

Short term future Focused therapeutic approach which helps clients change by constructing solutions rather than "Solving Problems".

Describe the key objectives of the Payment of Wages Act, 1948.

Ensure regular and timely payment of wages, prevent unauthorized deductions, protect from arbitrary fines, ensure minimum wages.

Explain the significance of the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601.

It laid the foundation for social welfare systems by categorizing the poor and assigning responsibility for their care.

What is Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and what are its goals?

Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) is a strategy that aims to enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities by promoting their inclusion and participation in society. Its goals include improving access to health care, education, livelihood, and social services, fostering community support, and empowering individuals and families.

It was initiated by WHO to enhance the quality of life for people with disabilities, meet their basic needs, and ensure their inclusion and participation.

Describe the Functionalist perspective in sociology and give an example of how a social institution contributes to societal stability.

The Functionalist perspective in sociology views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. An example is the education system, which socializes children and prepares them for their roles in society, thereby contributing to social order. Another example is the family providing emotional support, which contributes to societal cohesion.

Differentiate between Type I and Type II errors in statistical hypothesis testing.

Type I error is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis; Type II error is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.

Explain the concept of the "Looking-Glass Self" and how it relates to socialization.

The "Looking-Glass Self" is a concept introduced by Charles Horton Cooley that describes how self-identity is shaped by social interactions and perceptions of others. It suggests individuals form their self-concepts based on how they believe others view them, thereby influencing their behaviors and socialization. This process involves three components: imagining how we appear to others, imagining their judgment of us, and developing our self-concept as a result.

What are the benefits provided under The Employees State Insurance Act ,1948

Sickness, Medical, Maternity, Employment injury and Funeral benefits.

What is Social Action?

Mass movement through propaganda and social legislation

What are the basic concepts in Gestalt Therapy

Awareness in the Here and Now is Therapeutic. More focuses on Process than Content. The emphasis is on what is being done, Thought, and Felt at the Moment rather than on What Was, Might be, Could be, or Should be.

What are the four phases of group development by Tuckman?

Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.

What are some key ways of coping with the group conflict

Analyze the Conflict, Determine Management Strategy, Pre-Negotiation, Negotiation, and Post Negotiation.

What is the Role of a negotiator?

A negotiator brings together those who are in Conflict over one or more issues and seeks to achieve Bargaining and Compromise to arrive at mutually acceptable agreements, somewhat like mediation.

What does NIMHANS do, and where is it located?

National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) is located in Bangalore. It shapes government policies, helps to uphold the rights of the mentally ill, and evolves procedures to rehabilitate them in a humane way.

What is Ujjawala Scheme?

A central govt scheme for Prevention of Immoral Traffic of Women and Children.

What did Jack Rothman introduce?

Basic models of community organization, which are:

1. Locality development

2. Social planning

3. Social Action

What are some elements of Re-Socialization?

stripping away of Learned Patterns and Substitution of new one's for them

Explain the different kinds of Marriages?

• Monogamy - Marriage between one man and one wife.

• Polygamy - Marriage of one male with more than one female, or may be called as “plurality of wives".

• Polyandry - Marriage in which one woman marries more than one man.

• Polygyny - One man marrying more than one women

• Anuloma marriage - A man of higher caste could marry a woman of lower caste

• Pratiloma marriage - A woman of high caste marrying a man of lower caste.

• Endogamy - A boy from a particular caste marries a girl from the same caste.

• Exogamy - A boy from a particular caste marries a girl from outside of his/her caste.

Name a key point about C.H Cooley and his book?

C.H. Cooley is the author of the book ‘Social Organization‘ which was published in 1909. According to a concept Cooley coined as the “looking-glass self” individuals develop their concept of self by observing how they are perceived by others.

What year was the Indian Slaver act enacted?

1843

Briefly describe the Annapurna Scheme

Provides food security to indigent senior citizens over 65 years of age.

What is the focus of the "National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)" initiated in August 1995

A centrally sponsored scheme providing financial assistance to the elderly, widows, and persons with disabilities in the form of social pensions.

Describe the Intramural and Extramural approaches of Labour Welfare.

Intramural includes welfare amenities within the establishment (latrines, canteens), while Extramural covers amenities outside the establishment (maternity benefits, social insurance).

The Directive Principles of State Policy, what are some examples?

Right to work, right to education, and right to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement.

Briefly describe the focus of Swadhar Scheme

Holistic and integrated services to women in difficult circumstances, such as destitute widows or women deserted by their families.

What are the main components of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme launched in 1975?

• Supplementary nutrition

• Nutrition and health education

• Preschool non-formal education

• Immunization

• Health check-ups

• Referrals

What are the elements of the ROPES model

Resources, Options, Possibilities, Exceptions and Solutions

Describe the key components of the ROPES model

Key Components of ROPES

• Resources: Identifying the personal, family, social, organizational, and community resources that the client has access to.

• Opportunities: Exploring the available options and choices that the client has in their current situation, emphasizing client agency.

• Possibilities: Focusing on the future and imagining what could be, using creativity and vision to explore potential goals and outcomes.

• Exceptions: Examining past experiences where the problem has been less severe or the client has demonstrated resilience or problem-solving skills.

• Solutions: Focusing on strengths-based, person-centered, and solution-focused approaches to address the client's needs and challenges.

What is meant by "Quartile Deviation" and what are its dependencies

Quartile deviation, also known as the semi-interquartile range, is a measure of statistical dispersion that represents half the difference between the third (Q3) and first (Q1) quartiles of a dataset, providing insight into the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

Formula:

QD = (Q3 - Q1) / 2. 

• Q1 is the first quartile (25th percentile). 

• Q3 is the third quartile (75th percentile). 

It's a measure of dispersion, similar to standard deviation, but it's less sensitive to outliers than standard deviation. 

It's often used when you want to focus on the middle portion of the data rather than the entire range. 

What is Social Epidemiology?

Social epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology that studies how social structures, institutions, and relationships influence health and disease patterns in populations, focusing on social determinants of health like income inequality and segregation.

In short, social epidemiology is the study of the Impact of Social Factors on the distribution of health and Illness in a population.

When was the Dowry Prohibition Act enacted?

1961

What does the acronym "CARA" stand for in the context of child welfare?

Central Adoption Resource Authority

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act what year was this put into place?

1981

When was the Mental Health Act enacted?

1987

What does the "Right to Constitutional Remedies" entail and which article specifies this?

The ability to seek remedies for the protection of one's fundamental rights.

Article 32 specifies this.

Provide some of the functions of The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act

To ensure that Children and/or heirs provide monthly allowance to parents and senior citizens so that they can maintain a standard of living.

When was the "National Leprosy Control program" launched?

1955

The Employees State Insurance Act ,1948 provides certain benefits. What are some benefits provided in addition to Sickness/Medical/Maternity and Confinement pay?

Employment injury and Funeral benefits.

When was the "National Program for Control of Blindness" launched and when is the goal set for?

In the year 1976 and had a goal of reducing the Prevalence of Blindness to 0.3% by 2020.

Provide an overview about The Employment Provident Fund Act ,1952.

This Act aims to provide for the institution of provident funds, Pension funds and deposit inked insurance fund for the Employees in the factories and other establishments.