Functional Groups

Alkyne

Suffix - yne

Ethers

Suffix - oxy

e.g. ethoxybutane

Epoxide

Add oxide to the end

cis-2-butene → cis-2-butene oxide

Aldehyde

Suffix - al

ethane → ethanal

Ketone

Suffix - one

propane → propanone

Acetal

Ester

n-thyl n-noate

First part from length of alcohol and second part from carboxylic acid e.g. methyl ethanoate

Amine

Alkyl-alkylamine

Nitrile

Add suffix nitrile to the parent chain name

Aziridine

Imine

replace -e at the end with -imine

Amide

replace the -oic acid at the end of the corresponding carboxylic acid with amide

Thiol

swap -e for -thiol

Sulfide group

Sulfide ion → S^2-

-e → -sulfide

Thioester

Like an ester

Methyl ethanethioate

Acid anhydride

ethanoic acid x 2 → ethanoic anhydride

Acyl halide

-oic acid → -oyl halide

Azo compound

azo somewhere in the name

Diazonium salt

e.g. benzenediazonium chloride

Enamine

Enol

e.g. hex-2-en-2-ol

Indole

5-hydroxyindole

Quinoline

Aniline

Nitrosonium ion

takes an aniline to a diazonium salt

Azoles

five-membered ring containing at least one nitrogen atom and two double bonds.

enone

enolate

cyanohydrin

carbanion

phosphonium ylide (a neutral, dipolar molecule featuring a negatively charged atom directly bonded to a positively charged heteroatom)