Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Criteria, Causes, and Treatments

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to neurodevelopmental disorders, including definitions, diagnostic criteria, causes, and treatments.

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A group of conditions that begin in the developmental period, including Intellectual Developmental Disorder, Communication Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Specific Learning Disorder, and others.

What are the diagnostic criteria for Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning, onset during the developmental period.

What factors can contribute to Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

Biological (genetic syndromes, maternal diseases), psychological (parental neglect), and social/environmental factors (teratogens).

What is a Global Development Delay diagnosis used for?

Individuals under the age of 5 when clinical severity cannot be reliably assessed.

What defines communication disorders?

Deficits in language, speech, and communication.

What are the types of communication disorders?

Language Disorder, Speech Sound Disorder, Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder, and Social (Pragmatic) Disorder.

What are the diagnostic criteria for Language Disorder?

Significant challenges in acquiring and using language, below age expectations, not due to other medical conditions.

What is the significance of persistent speech sound production difficulties?

It limits effective communication and affects social, academic, or occupational performance.

What characterizes Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

Persistent disturbances in speech fluency and timing, causing anxiety or communication limitations.

What are the primary symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Persistent challenges in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests.

What are common etiological factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Biological (heredity, genetic mutations), psychological (anxiety), and social/environmental factors (advanced parental age).

What distinguishes ADHD from other disorders?

Persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity interfering with functioning across settings.

What are the diagnostic criteria for Specific Learning Disorder?

Difficulties in learning or using academic skills for at least six months that interfere with performance.

What encompasses Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders?

Developmental Coordination Disorder, Stereotypic Movement Disorder, and Tic Disorders.

What treatments are effective for ADHD?

Digital therapeutics like FDA-approved video games to improve attention span.

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

An evidence-based therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder focusing on skill-building and behavior management.