CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) STIMULANTS

what are the CNS stimulants?

• amphetamine stimulants

  • amphetamine mixed salts

  • methamphetamine

  • dextroamphetamine

  • lisdexamfetamine

• nonamphetamine stimulants

  • methylphenidate

  • dexmethylphenidate

what is the mechanism of action of CNS stimulants?

• promote release of DA and NE and inhibit reuptake of DA and NE on the CNS and peripheral nerves

• improved focus and sustained attention

• can help organize daily tasks and routines

• decrease impulsive behaviors

• reduces hyperactivity

what are the CNS stimulants?

• amphetamine stimulants

  • amphetamine mixed salts

  • methamphetamine

  • dextroamphetamine

  • lisdexamfetamine

• nonamphetamine stimulants

  • methylphenidate

  • dexmethylphenidate

what is the mechanism of action of CNS stimulants?

• promote release of DA and NE and inhibit reuptake of DA and NE on the CNS and peripheral nerves

• improved focus and sustained attention

• can help organize daily tasks and routines

• decrease impulsive behaviors

• reduces hyperactivity

what are indications for CNS stimulants?

ADHD

what are adverse effects of CNS stimulants?

• CNS effects

  • irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia

• increased BP and HR

• decreased appetite and growth suppression

• high risk for addiction

  • pleasurable effects

    • euphoria, elation

  • increased energy, alertness

  • increased mental responsiveness

  • tolerance

what is CNS stimulant intoxication?

• CNS excitation

  • agitation

  • irritability

  • hallucinations

  • insomnia

  • hypertension

  • diaphoresis

  • mydriasis

  • myperthermia

  • tachycardia

  • increased bowel sounds

  • rare: seizures

what are withdrawls from CNS stimulants?

• the crash is the abruptly stopping

• anhedonia

• anxiety

• depression

• poor concentration

• cravings

• increased appetite

• weight gain

• hypersomnia

• psychomotor slowing

• self harm thoughts

what are interventions for CNS stimulants?

• monitor misuse

• avoid caffeine, OTC decongestants, nicotine

• take medication with meals no later than 4:00 PM

  • extended release in the morning

• prevent insomnia

• monitor for growth suppression

• report SOB and heart palpitations