Nuclear chem

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12 Terms

1

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stability of nucleus depends on

Too many neutrons, protons or both

Ideal: 1:1

2

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Alpha

Particle
Emitted
2 protons and 2 neutrons (charge of 2+)
Shielding : paper or layer of skin cells

<ul><li><p>Particle</p></li><li><p>Emitted</p></li><li><p>2 protons and 2 neutrons (charge of 2+)</p></li><li><p>Shielding : paper or layer of skin cells </p></li></ul>

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Beta

Particle
Emitted
Fast moving electron (-1 charge) NEGATIVE
Formed by decomposition of a neutron
shielding: aluminum foil or wood

<ul><li><p>Particle </p></li><li><p>Emitted </p></li><li><p>Fast moving electron (-1 charge) NEGATIVE</p></li><li><p>Formed by decomposition of a neutron</p></li><li><p>shielding: aluminum foil or wood</p></li></ul>

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Positron

Antimatter of an electron
Particle
Emitted
Positively charged electron (POSITIVE)
Formed by decomposition of a proton
shielding: aluminum foil or wood

<ul><li><p>Antimatter of an electron</p></li><li><p>Particle</p></li><li><p>Emitted</p></li><li><p>Positively charged electron (POSITIVE)</p></li><li><p>Formed by decomposition of a proton </p></li><li><p>shielding: aluminum foil or wood</p></li></ul>

5

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Gamma

Electromagnetic wave
Emitted
No mass or charge
Similar to x-rays
Pb(lead) or concrete

<ul><li><p>Electromagnetic wave</p></li><li><p>Emitted</p></li><li><p>No mass or charge</p></li><li><p>Similar to x-rays</p></li><li><p>Pb(lead) or concrete</p></li></ul>

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Electron capture

electron capture and gamma ray emitted
Wave
Shielding : pb(lead) and concrete

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Half life

Time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample to decay

100% —> 50% —> 25%

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Fission

1st step in chain reaction
Spitting nucleus U (uranium) or Pu (plutonium)
Nuclear waste
Used in nuclear reactions
Controlled fission: coolant (slows neutrons) and control rods (absorbs neutrons)
Requires neutron bombardment
Mass of product is slightly less than mass of reactant “missing mass”= energy

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Fusion