B Vitamins

What is the function of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?

Cofactor for PDH, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA), and transketolase (non-oxidative PPP)

What disorder is associated with B1 deficiency?

Beriberi (wet and dry forms)

What is the function of Vitamin B2 (riboFlavin)?F for F

Cofactor for FAD-dependent reactions, especially in the TCA cycle

What disorder is associated with B2 deficiency?

Ariboflavinosis: sore throat, dermatitis, cheilitis (rare)

What is the function of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)? N for N

Component of NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH; involved in redox reactions

What disorder is associated with B3 deficiency?

Pellagra: 4 Ds — diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

What is the function of Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)?

Precursor to coenzyme A (CoA), essential for acyl group transfer

What disorder is associated with B5 deficiency? (Five>Fatigue)

Fatigue (rare)

What is the function of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)? (Bemesixnthesis)

Cofactor for amino acid metabolism, transamination, and heme synthesis

What disorder is associated with B6 deficiency?

Sideroblastic anemia, skin disorders

What is the function of Vitamin B7 (biotin)?(the biological nucleotides)

Cofactor for carboxylation reactions in fatty acid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism

What disorder is associated with B7 deficiency?

Hair loss, dermatitis; can be triggered by raw egg white consumption

What is the function of Vitamin B9 (folate)?

Transfers single-carbon units for DNA/RNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism

What disorder is associated with B9 deficiency?

Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects

What is the function of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)?

Cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; involved in DNA synthesis and fatty acid metabolism

What disorder is associated with B12 deficiency?

Megaloblastic anemia, neurological damage (e.g., peripheral neuropathy)