A.2.3.1 Different energy systems

what is metabolism

all the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism (inclduign anabolic and catabolic reactions)

what is anabolism

the constructive phase of metabolism where smaller molecules are converted into bigger molecules

what is catabolism

the destructive phase of metabolism where larger molecules are converted to smaller molecules,

what is the role of the mitochondria

cell components that accommodate the biochemical processes of aerobic metabolism

what is it included in

the Krebs Cycle and and electron transport chain

what happens in catabolic reactions (ATP)

convert biochemical energy from organic molecules into ATP

what is cel respiration

the controlled relase of energy in the form of ATP

Muscle contraction steps (not sliding filament)

.

1

muscular contraction needs energy

2 - where is energy synthesised and stored

in the mitochondria, and stored in the cytoplasm of the muscle cells as ATP

3 - what enzyme breaks down the last phosphate

ATPase

4 - what does this create and release

an inorganic phosphate (Pi), releases a high amount of energy

5 - how long does this last

3-5 seconds

6 - what must happen for exercise to continue

ATP has to be regenerated from ADP

7 - what aids this anabolic reaction

ATP synthase allowing the inorganic phosphate to conect back to the ATP

how are carbohydrates in our food digested

broken down into monosaccharides, which are then sent ot the liver after being absorbed into the blood stream

what is glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose in all cells

what does glycolysis lead to

breakdown of glucose to pyruvate and production of ATP

what happens when oxygen is availabe (aerobic energy system)

pyruvate enters the mitochondira, is oxidised producing water and carbon dioxide

what happend to the pyruvate under anaerobic conditions

it is converted into lactate

what is gluconeogenesis

lactate is transported back to the liver and turned back into glucose

what is glycogenesis

glucose is converted into glycogen for storage = glucose molecules link to form glycogen

what is glycogenolysis

glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver and glucose-6-phosphate in the muscles

when is glycogenolysis done

when the body needs more glucose

what is muscle glycogen used

deliver immediate energy source for the muscle

when is liver glycogen

provides glucose for all organs