Endosymbiotic Theory

Eukaryotes evolution

compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells

• formation of mitochondria and choloplast

• formation of membrane bound organelle

-result of two processes

• endosymbiosis and plasma membrane invagination 

endosymbiosis

symbiotic relationship with engulfed prokaryotes

mitochondrial evidence for endosymbiotic theory

Outer membrane

• formed from vesicle engulfing the prokayote

Inner membrane

• the engulfed prokaryotes membrane

-mitochondria can self replicate by binary fission like prokaryotes

DNA - circular with no histones like prokaryotes

Ribosome size: 70s, like prokaryotes

Chloroplast evidence for endosymbiotic theory

both have double membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes -70s, thylaskoids

Prokaryotes Table

ciruclar DNA

no histones

ribosomes: 70s

Growth: binary fission

first amino acid: fmet

antibiotics: interfere with protein synthesis

Size: 1 um

Eukaryotes Table

linear DNA

has histones

ribosomes: 80s

Growth: mitosis

first amino acid: met

antibiotics: doesn’t interfere

Size: 100 um

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

ciruclar DNA

no histones

ribosomes: 70s

Growth: binary fission

first amino acid: fmet

antibiotics: interfere with protein synthesis

Size: 1 um

compartmentalization 

origin of nuclear envelope and endomembrane system

Difference and similarities between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

both have plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytosol

Prokaryotic

• circular DNA

• one strand of DNA

Eukaryotic

• contains nucleus

• linear DNA

• multiple strands