AP World 7.2-7.3

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Archduke of Austro-Hungary. He was assassinated by Serbian nationalists, sparking WW1.

Great War

AKA World War 1, known for the immense scale of fighting. No other war had resulted in the deaths of as many soldiers and civilians.

Gavrilo Princip

The Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Black Hand

A Serbian nationalist organization devoted to ending Austro-Hungarian presence in the Balkans

militarism

defined as aggressive military preparedness, it celebrates war and the armed forces

secret alliances

groups whose members secretly agree to protect and help one another when attacked

Triple Entente

The alliance of Britain, France and Russia

Allies

The Triple Entente after it was joined by Italy, Japan, China, and the United States

Triple Alliance

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before the War. Italy later joined the Allies

Central Powers

The Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria at the outbreak of the War.

self-determination

the idea that peoples of the same ethnicity, language, culture, and political ideals should be united and should have the right to form an independent nation-state

conscription

compulsory enlistment in the armed forces

trench warfare

a type of warfare where combatant nations dug hundreds of miles of trenches facing one another.

All Quiet on the Western Front

A 1929 novel and 1930 film intended to give a vivid sense of a soldier’s life in the trenches

machine guns

A new type of gun developed in the late 1800s that could fire more than 500 rounds of ammo per minute.

submarines

a new type of maritime warfare technology that wreaked havoc on the shipping lanes of the Atlantic Ocean

Airplanes

Though originally used for aerial reconnaissance of enemy lines, they were later fitted with machine guns for aerial combat

tanks

developed by the British to protect troops as they moved across vast areas of difficult terrain.

stalemate

a situation in which neither side could defeat the other, while the death toll and suffering increases

U-boat

A type of German submarine. Carried out attacks on civilian vessels.

Zimmermann Telegram

In this document, the German government offered to help Mexico reclaim territory it had lost to the US if Mexico allied itself with Germany. Pushed the US to join the war effort on the side of the allies.

total war

Meant that a nation’s domestic population, in addition to its military, was committed to winning the war. Those that impeded the war effort were imprisoned and the economy was tightly controlled by the government.

Propaganda

communication meant to influence the attitudes and opinions of a community around a particular subject

global war

a war fought on fronts all over the globe.

ANZAC

a special corps made up out of Australians and New Zealanders.

Gallipoli

a peninsula in northwestern Turkey where the Allies launched a completely unsuccessful campaign

Paris Peace Conference

a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, where the Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers

Big Four

the leaders of the victorious countries at the Paris Peace Conference

Woodrow Wilson

The leader of the United States at the end of the war.

David Lloyd George

The leader of Great Britain at the end of the war.

Georges Clemenceau

The leader of France at the end of the war.

Vittorio Orlando

The leader of Italy at the end of the war.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s principles for lasting peace, which he outlined in this document

League of Nations

An organization in which all nations of the World could convene to discuss conflicts openly, proposed by Wilson. Other nations agreed to join, but the US Senate voted not to.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty with Germany. “Punished” Germany for the War, forcing it to pay reparations and take the full blame of the war.

reparations

money paid by the losing powers to the winning powers to cover the cost of a war

Weimar Republic

Germany’s new government, which had agreed to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Its weakness led to the rise of the Nazi party.

Lusitania

an ocean liner carrying more than 100 US citizens that was sunk by a German U-boat