parts of cell

eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

prokaryotic cell

do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm; allows for diffusion of molecules throughout the cell

nucleus

contains DNA

nuclear membrane

double membrane that maintains a nuclear environment separate and distinct from the cytoplasm

nuclear pores

holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus

nucleolus

subsection of nucleus where the ribosomal RNA is synthesized (rRNA)

mitchondria

where the reactions of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis occur

mitochondrial outer membrane

serves as a barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondria

lysosomes

membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes that are capable of breaking down many different substrates

endosomes

transport, package, and sort cell material traveling to and from the membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

a series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside of the cell

rough ER

studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins

smooth ER

lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Cytoskeleton

provides structure to the cell and helps it to maintain its shape

Microfilaments

rods of actin; muscular contraction with interaction with myosin; movement of materials within cell membrane

microtubules

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

centriole

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division