APUSH Chapter 35: The Cold War Begins (American Pageant)

George Kennan

________, a diplomat, writes the containment doctrine (1947), which stated that Russia was dangerously expansionist- the only way to defeat communism was to treat it like a virus: quarantine (contain) the communist ideology to prevent other countries from falling to it.

Korean War

The ________ was a conflict between North Korea, supported by the Soviet Union and China, and South Korea, supported by the United States and other UN forces.

Truman Doctrine

The ________ was a policy of containment that aimed to prevent the spread of communism by providing military and economic aid to countries threatened by communism.

McCarthyism

________ was a term used to describe the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.

1955

The war lasted from ________ to 1975 and resulted in the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.

Cold War

The ________ had a significant impact on American society, including the growth of the military- industrial complex, the expansion of the federal government's power, and the rise of the national security state.

Bernard Baruch

________ wanted to create a UN agency that could regulate atomic eneray internationally, but neither the US or Russia wanted to give up certain nuclear weapons shows how tensions remain high and both want to be prepared for potential conflict.

NSA

________ (National Security Act) (1947): created the Department of Defense to have a more unified military body with efficient communication.

Second Red Scare

The ________ occurred in the years following World War II, from the late 1940s to the mid- 1950s.

1947 1991

Cold War (________): standoff between the US and Russia, essentially between capitalist and communist ideologies.

Marshall Plan

The ________ was a program of economic aid to help rebuild Europe after World War II and prevent the spread of communism.

arms race

The ________ was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop and stockpile nuclear weapons.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The ________ was a 13- day political and military standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union over the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Nuremberg trials

________ (1945- 1946): former Nazi leaders are put on trial in Nuremburg, Germany, and punished for their crimes against humanity, with the punishments ranging from long prison sentences to execution.

Security Council

________) to advise the President about the best course of action in security matters.

Domino Theory

The ________ was a Cold War policy that suggested that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall like dominos.

House Un American Activities Committee

The ________ (HUAC) was established to investigate alleged communist activity in the U.S., and many Hollywood actors, writers, and directors were blacklisted and prevented from working in the industry.

Yalta Conference

________ (February 1945): FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss postwar plans.

Berlin Blockade

The ________ was a Soviet attempt to block the Western Allies 'access to West Berlin, which led to the Berlin Airlift, a massive airlift of supplies to the city.

Cold War

The ________ had a significant impact on Asia, where the United States and the Soviet Union competed for influence.

Truman Doctrine

________ (1947): the US provides military and economic aid ($ 400 million) to prevent Greece and Turkey from falling to Communism- Truman agrees to give aid to any countries facing Communist pressure.

Yalta Conference (February 1945)

FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss postwar plans

Cold War (1947-1991)

standoff between the US and Russia, essentially between capitalist and communist ideologies

Bretton Woods Conference (1944)

Allies met in Bretton Woods, NH

United Nations (April 1945)

had representatives from 50 countries, but the Big Five (aka the US, Britain, USSR, France, China) had additional privileges, like right to veto

Nuremberg trials (1945-1946)

former Nazi leaders are put on trial in Nuremburg, Germany, and punished for their crimes against humanity, with the punishments ranging from long prison sentences to execution

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)

Truman sends supplies to grateful Berliners for a year, hoping to show that the US won't back down and appease Stalin

Marshall Plan (1947)

gave billions of dollars in aid to 16 European countries

NSA (National Security Act) (1947)

created the Department of Defense to have a more unified military body with efficient communication

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) (1949)

Capitalist nations (like Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, US, etc.)