FINAL GEOGRAPHY

what does it mean to be arab

Person who speaks Arabic as their native language

what are general characteristics of Arabs

family is focal point, social class and background mean a lot, dignity and honor is very important, believe in fate.

zionism

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

what is a stateless nation(give 3 examples)

ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group, or any other cohesive group which Is not the majority population in any nation state. Ex-Kurds, Palestines, Basque)

state

has sovereignty, territory, population, and diplomatic recognition

nation

a group who culturally and historically share a smilular culture and communal bonds

stateless nation

a group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territorially defined, sovereign country of their own

nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

intifada

an uprising by Palestinian Arabs (in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) against Israel in the late 1980s and again in 2000

P.L.O.

a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine

Hamas

Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist organization

sunni

don't believe Muhammad named a successor, prophets companions have authoritative leadership, represent 85% Muslims

shia

believe Muhammad named Ali as successor, Muhammad fam has sole claim to leadership, make up 15%

Why does the U.S. have interest in the SWANA region?

It is a strategic location, they can support Israel, has oil, preventing manufacturing and stockpiling of WMPs

What county in the SWANA region is our ally and considered "the most western"?

Israel

What is our relationship with Iran like?

tense and distant

What is unique about the Anatolian peninsula?

-where turkey is

-connects Europe to Asia

-where the silk road was

How is nationalism shown in SWANA?

Israeli and Palestine conflict and Arab communist wanting to have their own country

muhajdeen

guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, especially those who are fighting against non-Muslim forces.

8 stages of genocide- explained in notebook more

classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination, denial

What ethnic group was favored by the Belgians during colonization?

Tutsi's

What were the main reasons for the Berlin Conference and the Scramble for Africa?

king Leopold invited European countries to divide up land for colonization/imperialism. no african leaders were invited and their customs, traditions, were given no consideration. They avoided war amongst each other by doing this

How did the Europeans divide the land at the Berlin Conference?

They claimed certain areas of land they liked and grouped different tribes that were all very diverse but also in a way similar

What two countries were NOT colonized during the Scramble for Africa?

Liberia and Ethiopia

Why does Africa have such a diverse climate?

because of how much latitude it covers ; near the equator. vertical climate

Describe why Africa has been called the "Dark Continent"

barriers of movement make exploration difficult

What was 'apartheid' and who implemented it? What are the white South Africans typically called?

apartheid was a system of racial segregation implemented by white colonist usually called Afrikaners

subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

Sahel

a strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas (transition zone)

Tutsi-lighter skin, looked like Europeans

a member of a people forming a minority of the population of Rwanda and Burundi, who formerly dominated the Hutu majority. Historical antagonism between the peoples led in 1994 to large-scale ethnic violence, especially in Rwanda.

hutu- not favored

The majority ethnic tribe in Rwanda who was responsible for the 1994 genocide

Interahamwe

Hutu extremists/trained militia that planned and carried out genocide

Why are India and Pakistan fighting over Kashmir?

For the Indus River, and fertile soil. It is not clear who owns it

Why does India believe they are right to claim Kashmir

because they have the same religion as them

Why do companies outsource to India?

flexible pricing options (it is cheaper)

What are monsoons?

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons

How do monsoons impact South Asia?

cause flooding and drought, not well equipped

What is the green revolution?

the development of more productive, drought-tolerant, pest-resistant, higher-yielding types of grain

What is civil disobedience?

the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Who was Gandhi?

the nationalist who used civil disobedience and boycotts to oppose the British occupation of India

Why is Gandhi so important?

led India independent movement

Why is south Asia growing so fast?

increasing positive economic momentum, becoming more competitive- becoming developed

What is the biggest threat to India's development?

lack of infrastructure and unsteady population

What is the Indus River valley and why is it important?

it is present day Pakistan and early trigged located there developed the 1st accurate system of standardized wights and measures, and also started trade routes

India

mountains, plains, desert, plateaus-mostly Hindu, some Christian, Sikh, Muslim, Buddhist

Maldives

archipelago; below sea level and sinking due to climate change/global warming-national religion \= Islam (no choice)

Sri Lanka

island, south of India-predominantly Hindu, but Buddhist Tamil Tigers

Bangladesh

river deltas and plains; lots of agriculture (rice, etc.); vulnerable to tropical storms, tsunamis, and flooding-predominantly Muslim

Nepal

landlocked; Himalayan Mountains-predominantly Hindu; Buddhist roots

Pakistan

mountains, desert, Indus River; conflict with India over territories, boundaries; shortage of water-predominantly Muslim

How did the Renaissance and the Reformation affect Europe?

advanced all kinds of arts and religion

What is the EU?

(European Union) an economic group that has strengthened ties between economies of countries in this region. It has led to easier and open market within Western Europe (elimination of trade barriers and tariffs, common currency)

Why did the UK leave the EU?

Because they didn't want other people immigrating to EU

What are some problems/obstacles facing the EU?

-how to maintain cultural identity

-wide political and economic development gap between east and west European countries

-UK wants to leave

How has the physical geography of the Northern European Plain contributed to the region's cultural diversity?

it is so vast and has a good climate for crops, many people have migrated there to be farmers, separating rural and urban areas

How did Serbia treat the Muslims and Croats from Bosnia and Herzegovina?

they did an ethnic cleansing and killed all muslims in Serbia

Describe the link between industrialization and imperialism.

both can grow a country and its power

multi-national state

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

devolution

regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at expense of central government

balkanization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Protestant reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Polder

Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area, protected by dikes

North Atlantic Drift

an ocean current that brings warm, moist air across the Atlantic Ocean

sirocco winds

warm moist winds from northern Africa

mistral winds

A cold, dry wind from the north

Which group represented Catholics in the struggles occurring in Northern Ireland?

they are called republicans

Describe the difference between the a Loyalist and a Republican (when referring to Northern Ireland)

loyalists were protestants who favored British control, republicans are catholics who feel that northern Ireland should be part of ROI

Who was Martin Luther and what did he do?

german reformer; 95 Theses in attempt to reform church; puts ideas in pamphlets that spread around Europe; leads to Catholic reformations

Why are some members of the EU wary of former Communist states becoming members of the EU?

they don't want Communists because they are less prosperous and less industrial

What language do the majority of the people of Latin America speak?

Spanish

What is the "Columbian Exchange"?

widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, people, diseases, and technology

Benito Juarez

Mexican national hero; brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico

Simon Bolivar

1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.

Jose de San Martin

South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru

Aztec

Lived in Mexico before Cortes claimed the land for Spain

Incan

Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire

Mayan

A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E..

What is the main reason drug cartels exist?

high demand for illegal drugs in North America

What is the main purpose of NAFTA/USMCA?

to promote free trade between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico

What does Latin America have such a varied climate?

long variety of longitudes and altitudes

maquiladoras

The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.- mostly on border

favelas

Large slums around Brazilian cities

The majority of South America is what religion and why?

catholic due yo an assimilation caused by imperialists a while ago