Civil Rights Movement

The student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the

E. A sit in movement launched by young southern blacks

The 1954 Supreme Court case that rules racially segregated school systems Inherently unequal was

E. Brown v. Board of Education

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

A. Declared that the concept of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.

When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy sought to refocus the attention of the FBI on

A. organized crime and civil rights

The Freedom Rider

B. sought to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers

President John Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when they

A. sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders

The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except

E. requiring affirmative action against discrimination

The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the

C. Twenty-Fourth Amendment

After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to

A. secure the right to vote

Besides eliminationg segregation and racial discrimination in public facilities and mployment, Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 included a provision that

B. Prohibited sexual as well as racial discrimination

The militant African American Leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King Jr´s goal of peaceful integration was

B. Malcolm X.

President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of

E. The University of Mississippi

Kennedy was often cautious and frustrated in advancing social reform and civil rights legislation because

D. conservative southern Democrats controlled key Congressional committees

At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he

B. needed the support of the southern

American and world public opinion turned strongly in favor of the civil rights movement when

D. Martin Luther King´s peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham

The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King Jr., provided critical support for

D. the civil rights bill to end segregation

During the March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous ¨I Have A Dream Speech¨ in which he proclaimed

C. That his children would one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin

As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

D. white southerners began to court black votes

The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized

C.A more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movemnt

CORE Strategy

CORE used nonviolent direct action, such as sit-ins and freedom rides to challenge segregation

MLK Inspiration

MLK´s inspiration came from his Christian faith. His nonviolent protest motivated others.

Southern Manifesto

A 1956 statement by Southern congressmen rejecting the Supreme Court´s decision in Brown V. Board of education and resisting school desegregation.

Kerner Commision

A 1968 commission that investigated the causes of the 1967 race riots, concluding that the US was moving toward two separate societies, one black and one white.

Plessy v. Ferguson

An 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the White and colored races" was constitutional.

MLK´s belief on ending segregation

MLk believed in achieving racial equality through nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. Which advocated for integration and equal rights.

SCLC

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a civil rights organization founded by MLK, focused on nonviolent action to achieve racial equality.

Voter Education Project Focus

Aimed to register African American voters in the South, overcoming obstacles like poll taxes and literacy tests

Focus of CRM before 1965

main focus was on desegregation, ending Jim Crow Laws, and securing equal access to public facilities.

Malcolm X´s Pilgrimage to Makkah

His pilgrimage led to a shift in his views, becoming more inclusive and less focused on racial separatism

Selma

three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement. Leading to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on

E. Economic demands

Result of Rosa Park´s Arrest

Led to the Motgomery Bus Boycott which lasted over a year and resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional.

Little Rock Nine

a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957

Some advocates of Black Power made the movement the basis for

A. emphasizing Sfrican America distinctivness and and seperatism

By 1972, public schools in the South were

a. integrated at higher rates than schools in the North.

Thurgood Marshall

First African American Supreme Court Justice, Lawyer who argued for civil rights cases before the Supreme Court

James Farmer

Civil Rights Activist and leader of CORE. Known for his involvement in Freedom Rides and other direct action campaigns.

Linda brown

Plantiff in Brown V. Board that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.