[A7]SKELETAL SYSTEM: FRONTAL-APPENDICULAR SYSTEM

SCAPULA

SCAPULA

• ‘shoulder blade’

• Relatively flat triangular boneSCAPULA

SCAPULA: SPINE

• Diving the lateral surface into supraspinous and infraspinous fossa.

SCAPULA: INFRASPINOUS

• Attachment of the infraspinatus muscle

SCAPULA: SUPRASPINOUS

• Attachment of the supraspinatus muscle

SCAPULA: SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA

• Attachment of the subscapularis muscle

SCAPULA: SERRATED FACE

• Dorsal part

• Serrated for the attachment of the serratus ventralis muscle

SCAPULA: GLENOID CAVITY

• Shallow articular socket where it forms the shoulder joint with the head of humerus.

SCAPULA: SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE

• Process near the cranial aspect of glenoid cavity for the attachment of biceps brachii muscle.

SCAPULA: CORACOID PROCESS

• Small process on the medial side of the supraglenoid tubercle

• Attachment of coracobrachialis muscle

SCAPULA: ACROMION

end of spine

HUMERUS

• Long bone forming the upper forelimb (brachium)

• Largest bone of the thoracic limb

HUMERUS: HUMERAL HEAD

• Rounded process articulating with the scapula’s glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint.

HUMERUS: GREATER TUBERCLE

• Large process craniolateral to the head to which muscles can attach

• Point of the shoulder

HUMERUS: LESSER TUBERCLE

• Medial or Minor tubercle

• Process at the medial side of the head

HUMERUS: BICIPITAL GROOVER

• Intertubercular groove

• The sulcus between the greater and lesser tubercle through which the tendon of biceps brachii runs

HUMERUS: BODY/SHAFT

• Cylindrical parts connecting the epiphyses

HUMERUS: DELTOID TUBEROSITY

• Large tuberosity on the lateral side of the humerus

HUMERUS: HUMERAL CONDYLE

• Entire distal end of the humerus

HUMERUS: LATERAL EPICONDYLE

• Lateral side of the humeral condyle

• Giving rise to the extensors of the forearm

• Extensor epicondyle

HUMERUS: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

• Medial side of the humeral condyle

• Attachment of the flexors of the forearm

• Flexors epicondyle

HUMERUS: OLECRANON FOSSA

• Caudal excavation receiving the proximal end of the ulna on extension of the of the elbow

HUMERUS: SUPRATROCHLEAR FORAMEN

• Hole between olecranon and radial fossa

• No structures pass through this foramen

RADIUS AND ULNA

• Both are bones of then antebrachium

• Radius is located medially while ulna projects laterally

RADIUS

• main weight bearing

• shorter/massive radius

• medially

ULNA

• muscle attachment

• laterally

• longer

RADIUS & ULNA: 1.OLECRANON AND 2.TROCHLEAR NOTCH

• 1.Act as lever for attachment of extensor muscles of the forearm = point of elbow

• 2.“semilunar notch” = articulates with the distal end of the humerus

RADIUS & ULNA: 1,ANCONEAL AND 2.CORANOID

• 1.Beak-like projection

• 2.Large distal end of trochlear notcH

• 2. Medial is larger than lateral

RADIUS & ULNA: INTEROSSEOUS SPACE

• Space between ulna and radius

• Readily seen in carnivores and pigs