matha sci

Materials Science

involves the

investigation that exist

between the structures and

properties of materials.

Materials Engineering

involves

designing the structure of a

material to produce a

predetermined set of properties

based on structure-property

correlations.

•Subatomic level

Electronic structure of individual atoms that

defines interaction among atoms (interatomic

bonding).

•Atomic level

Arrangement of atoms in materials (for the

same atoms can have different properties, e.g.

two forms of carbon: graphite and diamond)

•Microscopic structure

Arrangement of small grains of material that

can be identified by microscopy.

•Macroscopic structure

Structural elements that may be viewed with

the naked eye.

Mechanical Property

it involves external stimulus due to force or

load or usually due to strength that causes

deformation.

Electrical Property

it refers to electrical conductivity, resistivity

and dielectric constant present in every

material.

Thermal Property

it refers to the heat capacity of the material

or thermal conductivity at certain temperature.

Magnetic Property

response of a material to the

application of a magnetic field.

Optical Property

refers to electromagnetic radiation due

to light, most of macroscopic materials

possess this property; transparent,

translucent, and opaque.

Deteriorative Property

the property of the material to stand

chemical reactivity with the environment,

corrosion, and resistance.

Metals

large numbers of non-

localized electrons, i.e.,

electrons not bound to

particular atoms.

▪Good conductors of electricity

and heat.

Ceramics

•Compounds between metallic and

nonmetallic elements such as

oxides, nitrides and carbides.

• Good insulators.

Polymers

are organic compounds that are

chemically based on carbon,

hydrogen and other non-metallic

elements.

Composites

engineered materials that consist

of more than one material type.

Semiconductor

materials whose electrical

properties are intermediate

between electrical conductors and

insulators and that are extremely

sensitive to the presence of minute

concentrations of impurity atoms.

Biomaterials

employed in components implanted into the human

body for replacement of diseased or damaged body

parts.

Nanomaterials

is the

study of properties of materials

whose dimensions are on the

order of a nanometer (10^-9

m) – as a rule, less than 100

nanometers.

Carbon steels

10-15

Manganese steel

13

Nickel steels

23-25

Nickel-chromium steels

25-34

Molybdenum steels

40-44

Chromium-molybdenum steels

41XX

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum

steels

43-47

Nickel-molybdenum steels

46-48

Chromium Steel

51-52