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Timbrel Vaults
Method of producing arches, domes, vaults from masonry units like bricks or tiles, developed by Moorish builders near Valencia, Spain.
Aymerich Amat i jover in terrassa is a
textile factory built by lluis moncunill i parellada
from design to completion, how many years did it take to complete the Mapungubwe interpretation center
one
flat vault and the layered vault are derived from
Spanish French Italian and Catalonian descriptions
Timbrel vault was first described as being
lightweight and inexpensive methods of construction compared to traditional stone vaulting.
When compared to traditional stone vaulting, tile vaulting uses
Less material and can be built quicker.
Roman vault consists of
a single layer if thick wedge shaped stones
Masonry vault is
self-supporting minimal or no formwork
Timbral vault is developed by
Moorish builders near Valencia Spain but it spread to be common throughout the Mediterranean region
built-up unit by unit
timbrel vaulting
hot bricks are dried in the sun do that they can
suck in the mortar
mortar is 2 parts, 1 part, 4 parts
quicklime, cement, sand
Santa maria del mar and Santa maria del pi are both
churches in Spain
cathedral of gerona is the widest
gothic nave in Europe
The rapid set of the mortar and the structural shape allows the mason to
span between guide
a typical vault is 3-4 layers of
tile thick with the first layer bonded by the gypsum mortar and subsequent layers with Poland cement.
In which city did Rafael Guastavino work on more than 1000 domes, ceilings, vaults, and stairs?
New York City
Where were the first tile vaults built in Southern Africa?
Mapungubwe Interpretation Center
Lightweight Construction
Timbrel vaulting is a lightweight and cost-effective method compared to traditional stone vaulting, using less material and quicker to build.
Guastavino Vault
Improved version of Timbrel vaulting by Rafael Guastavino, allowing wider vaults using cohesive construction with Portland cement.
Advantages of Timbrel Vaults
Reduced self-weight and horizontal thrust, fireproof, vermin-resistant, sound-insulating, flood-resistant.
Mapungubwe Interpretation Center
A project in South Africa using vaulted forms inspired by nature, integrating into the landscape, and built with sustainable materials.
Thin Tile Vaults
Vaulting system using non-fired stabilized earth tiles, assembled with gypsum and Portland cement mortar, reducing embodied energy and costs.
Passive Environmental Benefits
Vaulted forms allow natural light penetration, low thermal conductivity, delayed thermal mass, and reduced energy expenditure.
Local Material Usage
Mapungubwe Interpretation Center used 85% local materials, saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions compared to conventional solutions.
Materials from Demolition
Refers to the use of materials obtained from the demolition of existing buildings for new construction projects, such as the 600,000 tiles shipped to Venice for the Tiled Garden in the Venice Biennale.
Traditional Chinese Forms
In the context of the Hangzhou China Academy, Art Dawry Museum, it involves the utilization of traditional Chinese architectural forms without being historicist.
Ningbo Historic Museum Building
Contrasts with the high-rise buildings in Ningbo by being low, dark, unreflective, and incorporating recycled materials from demolished houses.
Wang Shu's Concept of Time
Involves the idea of building as a reminder of time and memory, as discussed in the context of the Ningbo Historic Museum.
Wapan Method
Refers to the rebuilding technique used after frequent typhoons, which involves reinforced masonry with linear concrete ledges.
Spatial "Carving"
Describes the architectural technique used in the Niyang River Visitor Center to accommodate interior functions and is appropriate to the materials due to its connection to traditional stone architecture.
Local Materials
Involves the use of materials like Granite stone collected in the vicinity of the project site, reflecting the local native lithic culture in the Niyang River Visitor Center.
Color Transitions
Highlight the geometric transitions in the space of the Niyang River Visitor Center, reflecting the highly colored pigments from natural powders in Tibetan visual culture.
Aga Clay Roof
A unique roofing material used in the Niyang River Visitor Center, providing waterproofing, heat insulation, and allowing for the shaping of gutters due to its plasticity.
How does Timbrel Vaulting differ from roman arch building
it uses multiple layers of bricks
Who is credited with improving the timbrel vaulting technique and renaming it “cohesive construction?
Rafael Guastavino
Where was the Timbrel vaulting technique developed?
Valencia, spain
What is another name for the Timbrel vault?
Catalan Vault
In which city did Rafael Guastavino work and leave a legacy of his vaulting technique?
New york city
Where is the Cathedral of Gerona located
Europe
How did the Mapungubwe Interpretation Center reduce its environmental impact?
used local materials
What material was predominantly used in the construction of the Mapungubwe Interpretation Center?
Local earth bricks
What advantage did the Timbrel vaulting technique offer over traditional methods?
reduced self-weight
When was the Timbrel vaulting technique rediscovered by Catalonian architects?
End of 19th century
How does the design of the Ningbo Historic Museum Building contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings in Ningbo?
Low, dark and unreflective
What is the purpose of the Wapan method of rebuilding after frequent typhoons?
To withstand strong winds and storms
How does the Niyang River Visitor Center connect with the local culture?
Through the use of highly colored pigments
What materials were used in the construction of the Ningbo Historic Museum?
a Terracotta Roof Tiles
What is the significance of the "carving" in the Niyang River Visitor Center's design?
Accommodates major interior functions
What is the purpose of the 600mm thick load-bearing wall in the construction of the Niyang River Visitor Center?
To provide structural stability
Why does Wang Shu emphasize the concept of "time" in relation to the building of the Ningbo Historic Museum?
As a reminder of time and memory
How is bamboo utilized in the construction of the incline planes in the project?
As formwork
What is the purpose of the Central courtyard in the Niyang River Visitor Center?
To Connect four openings
What was the purpose of the weeping mortar style used in the Medlock project?
Ventilation
Who were the architects behind the River Terminal and Visitor Centre in Linzhi, Tibet, China?
Standard Architecture + Zhaoyang Architects
Duerinckx Residence is a refurbishment and extension of an existing house
The Windsor district of phoenix Arizona for clients Michael and Cristin duerinckx
Duerinckx Residence incorporates the use of
“weeping mortar” CMU from the original house
How is cement produced
mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln.
How is concrete produced
when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds with sand and rock to harden.
CMU
Concrete Masonry Unit
Mortar joint
3/8”
Still height of medlock project is
24”
how many layers of cmu are used to reach its sill height
6
The Medlock project uses
weeping mortar style
how do you make a bond beam
A single bond beam consists of two courses of AB Fence Panel Block that have their cores filled with sand mix grout.Horizontal steel is placed between the two courses of block and will reinforce the entire bond beam.
The openings between the blocks beneath the pitch of the roof provide
Ventilation, cool attic and allow airflow
Note 
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