Quiz two materials and assemblies

Timbrel Vaults

Method of producing arches, domes, vaults from masonry units like bricks or tiles, developed by Moorish builders near Valencia, Spain.

Aymerich Amat i jover in terrassa is a

textile factory built by lluis moncunill i parellada

from design to completion, how many years did it take to complete the Mapungubwe interpretation center

one

flat vault and the layered vault are derived from

Spanish French Italian and Catalonian descriptions

Timbrel vault was first described as being

lightweight and inexpensive methods of construction compared to traditional stone vaulting.

When compared to traditional stone vaulting, tile vaulting uses

Less material and can be built quicker.

Roman vault consists of

a single layer if thick wedge shaped stones

Masonry vault is

self-supporting minimal or no formwork

Timbral vault is developed by

Moorish builders near Valencia Spain but it spread to be common throughout the Mediterranean region

built-up unit by unit

timbrel vaulting

hot bricks are dried in the sun do that they can

suck in the mortar

mortar is 2 parts, 1 part, 4 parts

quicklime, cement, sand

Santa maria del mar and Santa maria del pi are both

churches in Spain

cathedral of gerona is the widest

gothic nave in Europe

The rapid set of the mortar and the structural shape allows the mason to

span between guide

a typical vault is 3-4 layers of

tile thick with the first layer bonded by the gypsum mortar and subsequent layers with Poland cement.

In which city did Rafael Guastavino work on more than 1000 domes, ceilings, vaults, and stairs?

New York City

Where were the first tile vaults built in Southern Africa?

Mapungubwe Interpretation Center

Lightweight Construction

Timbrel vaulting is a lightweight and cost-effective method compared to traditional stone vaulting, using less material and quicker to build.

Guastavino Vault

Improved version of Timbrel vaulting by Rafael Guastavino, allowing wider vaults using cohesive construction with Portland cement.

Advantages of Timbrel Vaults

Reduced self-weight and horizontal thrust, fireproof, vermin-resistant, sound-insulating, flood-resistant.

Mapungubwe Interpretation Center

A project in South Africa using vaulted forms inspired by nature, integrating into the landscape, and built with sustainable materials.

Thin Tile Vaults

Vaulting system using non-fired stabilized earth tiles, assembled with gypsum and Portland cement mortar, reducing embodied energy and costs.

Passive Environmental Benefits

Vaulted forms allow natural light penetration, low thermal conductivity, delayed thermal mass, and reduced energy expenditure.

Local Material Usage

Mapungubwe Interpretation Center used 85% local materials, saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions compared to conventional solutions.

Materials from Demolition

Refers to the use of materials obtained from the demolition of existing buildings for new construction projects, such as the 600,000 tiles shipped to Venice for the Tiled Garden in the Venice Biennale.

Traditional Chinese Forms

In the context of the Hangzhou China Academy, Art Dawry Museum, it involves the utilization of traditional Chinese architectural forms without being historicist.

Ningbo Historic Museum Building

Contrasts with the high-rise buildings in Ningbo by being low, dark, unreflective, and incorporating recycled materials from demolished houses.

Wang Shu's Concept of Time

Involves the idea of building as a reminder of time and memory, as discussed in the context of the Ningbo Historic Museum.

Wapan Method

Refers to the rebuilding technique used after frequent typhoons, which involves reinforced masonry with linear concrete ledges.

Spatial "Carving"

Describes the architectural technique used in the Niyang River Visitor Center to accommodate interior functions and is appropriate to the materials due to its connection to traditional stone architecture.

Local Materials

Involves the use of materials like Granite stone collected in the vicinity of the project site, reflecting the local native lithic culture in the Niyang River Visitor Center.

Color Transitions

Highlight the geometric transitions in the space of the Niyang River Visitor Center, reflecting the highly colored pigments from natural powders in Tibetan visual culture.

Aga Clay Roof

A unique roofing material used in the Niyang River Visitor Center, providing waterproofing, heat insulation, and allowing for the shaping of gutters due to its plasticity.

How does Timbrel Vaulting differ from roman arch building

it uses multiple layers of bricks

Who is credited with improving the timbrel vaulting technique and renaming it “cohesive construction?

Rafael Guastavino

Where was the Timbrel vaulting technique developed?

Valencia, spain

What is another name for the Timbrel vault?

Catalan Vault

In which city did Rafael Guastavino work and leave a legacy of his vaulting technique?

New york city

Where is the Cathedral of Gerona located

Europe

How did the Mapungubwe Interpretation Center reduce its environmental impact?

used local materials

What material was predominantly used in the construction of the Mapungubwe Interpretation Center?

Local earth bricks

What advantage did the Timbrel vaulting technique offer over traditional methods?

reduced self-weight

When was the Timbrel vaulting technique rediscovered by Catalonian architects?

End of 19th century

How does the design of the Ningbo Historic Museum Building contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings in Ningbo?

Low, dark and unreflective

What is the purpose of the Wapan method of rebuilding after frequent typhoons?

To withstand strong winds and storms

How does the Niyang River Visitor Center connect with the local culture?

Through the use of highly colored pigments

What materials were used in the construction of the Ningbo Historic Museum?

a Terracotta Roof Tiles

What is the significance of the "carving" in the Niyang River Visitor Center's design?

Accommodates major interior functions

What is the purpose of the 600mm thick load-bearing wall in the construction of the Niyang River Visitor Center?

To provide structural stability

Why does Wang Shu emphasize the concept of "time" in relation to the building of the Ningbo Historic Museum?

As a reminder of time and memory

How is bamboo utilized in the construction of the incline planes in the project?

As formwork

What is the purpose of the Central courtyard in the Niyang River Visitor Center?

To Connect four openings

What was the purpose of the weeping mortar style used in the Medlock project?

Ventilation

Who were the architects behind the River Terminal and Visitor Centre in Linzhi, Tibet, China?

Standard Architecture + Zhaoyang Architects

Duerinckx Residence is a refurbishment and extension of an existing house

The Windsor district of phoenix Arizona for clients Michael and Cristin duerinckx

Duerinckx Residence incorporates the use of

“weeping mortar” CMU from the original house

How is cement produced

mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln.

How is concrete produced

when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds with sand and rock to harden.

CMU

Concrete Masonry Unit

Mortar joint

3/8”

Still height of medlock project is

24”

how many layers of cmu are used to reach its sill height

6

The Medlock project uses

weeping mortar style

how do you make a bond beam

A single bond beam consists of two courses of AB Fence Panel Block that have their cores filled with sand mix grout.Horizontal steel is placed between the two courses of block and will reinforce the entire bond beam.

The openings between the blocks beneath the pitch of the roof provide

Ventilation, cool attic and allow airflow