Cpu and Cooling systems

he central processing unit (CPU) is the main component that interprets and executes instructions from both hardware and software. It sends results to output devices like the monitor or performs the required actions. The CPU is a small microchip housed in a package that fits into a specific socket on the motherboard. Each CPU package type requires a compatible socket. Modern CPUs are mainly produced by Intel and AMD, and their socket and architecture designs determine compatibility with different motherboards.

What’s a CPU

Central Processing Unit - the primary processor that executes instructions and performs calculations

What is PGA (Pin Grid Array)?

CPU socket type where the processor has pins that insert into holes on the motherboard - common in AMD systems and older Intel CPUs

What is LGA ( Land Grid Array)?

The CPU package that has flat contact pads (lands) on its underside; the socket contains the pins (common on Intel desktop CPUs).

Which package type puts the fragile pins on the motherboard instead of the CPU?

LGA—if the pins bend, you replace the cheaper socket, not the expensive CPU.

What's the main advantage of PGA?

Easier to replace just the CPU if damaged - pins are on the cheaper CPU, not the expensive motherboard

What is a heat sink?

: A passive cooler—an aluminum or copper block with fins that radiates heat away from the CPU without a fan.

When is passive cooling (heat-sink-only) used?

When absolute silence is required or airflow is already good; no moving parts, so no noise or fan failure risk.

What is active cooling via case fans?

Using one or more fans to force air through the case, exhausting hot air and drawing in cool air.

Which cooling method is best for standard desktop PCs?

ctive cooling—case fans provide steady airflow, keeping temperatures lower under load.

What is passive cooling?

Cooling without fans—uses only heat sinks or thermal pads; silent, no moving parts, relies on natural airflow.

What is active cooling?

Cooling with fans or blowers—forces air over components; keeps temps lower under load, but adds noise.

When do you pick passive

When you need silence (HTPC, audio workstation) or have low-power parts that don’t generate much heat.

When is active cooling the better choice?

For gaming rigs, servers, or any setup where components run hot—fans move more air and handle higher heat loads.